Hit-and-run tactics on a broad front cut communication, eventually causing enemy garrisons to wither on the vine. Case Study in Guerrilla War: Greece During World War II (pub.
As the guerrilla becomes stronger, he begins to conduct larger operations. in the country. The urban guerrilla is a man who fights the military dictatorship with arms, using unconventional methods. Angolan and Mozambican guerrillas split into several factions and became pawns of Cuba (and by extension the Soviet Union), South Africa, and the United States. The discontented are usually extremists who may take their followers and splinter from the main group in order to continue their own war. Addeddate 2012-09-19 20:59:27 Identifier milmanual-fm-31-21-guerilla-warfare-and-special-forces-operations Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t75t4w381 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 8.0 xref
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The use of indiscriminate terrorist tactics by the provisional wing of the IRA brought general opprobrium on their movement, including a partial loss of what had been heavy financial support from previously sympathetic Irish Americans. Mao later wrote that “guerrilla strategy must be based primarily on alertness, mobility, and attack.” He demanded tactics based on surprise and deception: “Select the tactic of seeming to come from the east and attacking from the west; avoid the solid, attack the hollow; attack, withdraw; deliver a lightning blow, seek a lightning decision.” Mao instructed his subordinates to accept battle only under favourable conditions, otherwise avoid it and retreat: “We must observe the principle, ‘To gain territory is no cause for joy, and to lose territory is no cause for sorrow.’ ” Careful planning was vital: “Those who fight without method do not understand the nature of guerrilla action.”. x�b```b``>���������x�b,@�� *0gcxwK�r�x� 0000001237 00000 n As cruel as it was, the guerrilla portion of the Indochina wars must rank as one of the most successful in history. Guerrilla warfare alone, he realized, could not achieve this, but in a prolonged war it was an indispensable weapon, particularly in holding off the enemy (Chinese and Japanese) until orthodox armies could take to the field. The terrain was desert and desert was sanctuary, and the guerrillas were “an influence, a thing invulnerable, intangible, without front or back, drifting about like a gas.” Demanding “perfect intelligence, so that plans could be made in complete certainty,” Lawrence “used the smallest force in the quickest time at the farthest place.” Mobility and surprise were everything. Greek communist guerrillas lost their war (1946–49) for a variety of reasons, not so much because Tito deprived them of sanctuary in and supply from Yugoslavia but more because they forfeited popular support in northern Greece by their barbarous treatment of civilian hostages, by their rapacious behaviour in villages, and by kidnapping children and sending them to be raised in communist countries. ��Ͽ�Ϗf�z�z��,d��j�AdlW2��"���k;�� ��w;���"�h��$�( Polisario fighters, inadequately supported by Algeria and Libya, faced continuing stalemate in their war against Morocco over Western Sahara. He drilled his men in the employment of light machine guns and in rudimentary demolitions. 1 The Nature of Revolutionary Guerrilla War 3 11 Profile of a Revolutionist 12 111 Strategy, Tactics, and Logistics in Revolutionary War 20 W Some Conclusions 27 Yu CHI CHAN (GUERRILLA WARFAIW) Translator’s Note A Further Note 1 What 1s Guerrilla Warfare? 0000000819 00000 n 0000002634 00000 n 0000002957 00000 n endstream endobj 293 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[49 232]>>stream Negotiation, however, is not to the taste of some guerrilla leaders, especially those who reckon that their demands are being unfairly pared down. Ho and Giap did not, however, hesitate to extend guerrilla operations to the cities when occasion warranted. Uruguayan and Guatemalan insurgents lost control over terrorist tactics and suffered heavily for it. 2 The Relation of Guerrilla Hostilities to Regular Operations 3 Guerrilla Warfare in History
trailer guerrilla warfare or related forms of violence against the government. This strategy embodies political, social, economic, and psychological factors to which the military element is often subordinated—without, however, lessening the ultimate importance of the military role. s���zb�ɼ��e�)���w���C=Z��p���{XN9�-x��z��Sg�������욓l�N��M�֨���~�/���5� �0AT��N�}lO��Ih% �3n���ҝ���Zi�Ŵ��X{�o^���e�xQ���b�c�6��.�g�7G�dC� #���m����`S����i��T ���H��m��a]x����k�����lطT!-K��Y!©t�*69�f噓�@@m��璷���Xc���--]&��a6"�� � �j`���P&�\�5Y� �($� �*xh�jX-Y �b`�� k Vg`�s��K# ^�BA The revolutionary war manifests itself in the form of urban guerrilla warfare, psychological warfare, or rural guerrilla warfare. Not all of them are able to prevent its use, but, as is mentioned above, terrorist campaigns have played and continue to play important roles in forcing reluctant governments into negotiations. Mao’s political goal was the communist takeover of China. 1961) Case Studies in Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Cuba 1953–1959 (pub. When popular support lagged, terrorist tactics were used—particularly the murder of pro-government village headmen—to coerce peasants into furnishing recruits, food, and information while denying these to the enemy. 1963) ... a PDF, and an EPUB. Mao’s guerrilla campaign of over two decades stressed the flexible tactics based on surprise and deception that the ancient writer Sunzi had called for in The Art of War. �6Z��i���-K|x�E�I�bu�Ǒ~J���:��L^ƈ�L0y�
In Lawrence’s words (published in his classic account The Seven Pillars of Wisdom [1935]), “the death of a Turkish bridge or rail” was more important than attacking a well-defended garrison. Why then do guerrilla leaders condone criminal terrorism? 0000005099 00000 n 0000002711 00000 n In some cases they will be financed by outside agencies, such as extremist religious organizations, or by selling their services to criminal organizations, as has happened in Colombia, Northern Ireland, and Spain. -�v�}�G/�ٯ���+���p�d��1�� ���=y.�Gir��x�"E�-x��E$��h#�q���r_8Z�t�f|�HB��d&�uM���։�֡��Tx� Urban guerrilla warfare or psychological warfare in the city depends on the urban guerrilla. H��Wێ�6}�W�Q.֊�ڢ@� ���5Ї��D�L��JJv�_ߙ!u��N�n�Yɲ�s9��̫_��_�����7,`�|���#[�z�=`���3e� 0000001000 00000 n The time gained is necessary either to develop sufficient military strength to defeat the enemy forces in orthodox battle (as did Mao in China) or to subject the enemy to internal and external military and political pressures sufficient to cause him to seek peace favourable to the guerrillas (as the Algerian guerrillas did to France, the Angolan and Mozambican guerrillas to Portugal, and the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong to the United States). This is an attempt to force government forces into a defensive role.
Lawrence’s Arabian campaign (1916–18) was strategically vital in protecting the flank of the British general Edmund Allenby’s conventional army during its advance in Palestine, yet its success hinged on carrying out the Arabs’ political aim, which was to expel Ottoman forces from tribal lands. Leaders who do not respect the principles of guerrilla warfare soon find themselves in trouble, particularly against effective counterguerrilla forces. endstream endobj 282 0 obj<>>>/LastModified(D:20050115095429)/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 284 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/StructParents 0>> endobj 285 0 obj<> endobj 286 0 obj<> endobj 287 0 obj[/ICCBased 292 0 R] endobj 288 0 obj<> endobj 289 0 obj<> endobj 290 0 obj<> endobj 291 0 obj<>stream 281 0 obj<> endobj Filipino, Malayan, and Indonesian guerrillas of the 1940s and ’50s suffered from poor organization and leadership as well as from lack of external support, and later movements failed for similar reasons. 281 13 Lawrence’s acceptance of this goal, combined with his linguistic ability, imagination, perception, and immense energy, helped him to establish and maintain unity of command. When the guerrilla attains the force structure and capability to directly engage �p�B���|�����!��#�2�y�M��ij�^�x�z��C�f�5�!cm��O��o�$�͓�4�# ?�q�Xxya�/y��ҡwXP#+=�f��M�U�wR5�Y��A:�1���{�uw�\���6��d�_d$��$u�n:^�2�a��_����:sU�H��PԋY}[����E|��i��eJ��O �t��3 �� ���kO+�^hYל����k�ֻ�����۟Я��p��ʗ ����a1G%˶����9�w�~t�>���j�����C�(�#s'�Ս0�b�'� �3��ޡ�5���)�,K�~���p~oy3On�1OtU,�? By war’s end the Arabs had gained control of some 100,000 square miles while holding 600,000 Ottoman soldiers in passive defense. x�bbRg`b``Ń3� ����a� � Mao Zedong addressing a group of his followers in 1944. Essence of Guerrilla Warfare The armed victory of the Cuban people over the Batista dictatorship was not only the triumph of heroism as reported by the newspapers of the world; it also forced a change in the old dogmas concerning the conduct of … (3) Phase III: War of movement. The revolutionary war manifests itself in the form of urban guerrilla warfare, psychological warfare, or rural guerrilla warfare. 0000001891 00000 n in the country.
The EPUB was generated by creating a new set of files from the print-ready files, adjusting various settings in the files to facilitate max - ��_�)��m�xW�/qv�e�I%.�� "?���c� %PDF-1.4 %���� Basque guerrillas became unpopular in Spain because of their brutal assassinations. �. The use of terrain was often masterful, both tactically and for sanctuary. The broad strategy underlying successful guerrilla warfare is that of protracted harassment accomplished by extremely subtle, flexible tactics designed to wear down the enemy. Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla warfare - Strategy and tactics: The broad strategy underlying successful guerrilla warfare is that of protracted harassment accomplished by extremely subtle, flexible tactics designed to wear down the enemy. <]>> %%EOF Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids.
the war, involving multifront attacks on military objectives and use of 60mm and 81mm mortars and homemade bombs fired from a tube, known as cylinder bombs. 5+��m�&џ��+<8��de!÷���~�n� T��a��"�!�0 � By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 0000001486 00000 n Arabs had killed or wounded 35,000 enemy at little loss to themselves. 0000002394 00000 n Guerilla Warfare Ernesto Che Guevara 1. 0 0000000016 00000 n They had protected Allenby’s vital flank in Palestine and had proved the truth of Lawrence’s later dictum: “Guerrilla warfare is more scientific than a bayonet charge.” (Lawrence summarized his principles in the article “Guerrilla” in the 14th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica.). Operations were carefully planned and audaciously executed. Splinter groups may also find support at home, depending on the kind of campaign conducted against them by the government. These attacks inflicted major defeats on the Colombian army. Ho and his able military commander Vo Nguyen Giap were disciples of Mao’s teachings, as was shown in their remarkably successful campaigns against the French and, later, against the U.S. and South Vietnamese armies. Lawrence kept discipline and organization (Arab, not Western, style) simple and effective. 283 0 obj<>stream Camels provided transport. There were too many Ottoman soldiers to risk doing battle, but in any case killing the enemy was secondary to killing his line of communication. That role varies greatly, as does the way it is carried out. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Popular support was ensured in part by tribal loyalties and hatred of the Ottomans, in part by effective propaganda and decent treatment of the people. Urban guerrilla warfare or psychological warfare in the city depends on the urban guerrilla. 0000000556 00000 n 0000002358 00000 n title: psychological operations in guerrilla warfare tayacan subject: psychological operations in guerrilla warfare tayacan keywords
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