There was nine of our family that were sent there. A key fact is this: most of the 7,000 Dakota in Minnesota opposed the war from the beginning and took no part in it.
In addition to pure-blood Indians, there were many so-called mixed-bloods, the products of relationships between Indians and settlers. Historian Curtis Dahlin, who has extracted figures from public and cemetery records as well as from media reports, estimates that 30 per cent of the civilians killed were children aged ten and under. The Sioux Uprising of 1862 was an event that shaped the Minnesota River Valley and Minnesota alike. The Second Battle of Bull Run brought the month to a close and a “humiliating, demoralizing defeat” to the Union war record.2 But General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia was not the only military force of concern in late summer 1862. Minnesotans were able to overwhelm and conclusively defeat the Sioux at the Battle of Wood Lake because by September 1862 President Lincoln appointed Major General John Pope, a military man with Civil War experience, to lead the settler volunteer militias and tried to get Pope as many men and horses as he could spare. The Dakota were eventually overwhelmed by the U.S. military six weeks later. To the north, the chiefs of the Upper Agency region opposed the fighting. Even by 1862 “some commanders in Missouri were applying the policy of summary execution not only to Indians but to Confederate guerrillas.”29 Ultimately, the inability for white Americans to conceive of Native American or guerilla warfare as honorable fundamentally affected the escalation of violence throughout the West and in Minnesota in 1862.
The Milford attacks resulted in the deaths of 53 settlers, including twenty children. Together with those taken captive, the ranks of Dakota prisoners soon swelled to 1,250. Southern leaders also “recognized the Indian Territory’s strategic importance and sought immediately to control it.”15 Southerners, in need of manpower once enlistments began to suffer as the war continued past the first six months, were also interested in Indian Territory for recruitment purposes. The first young man became angry, dashed the eggs to the ground, and accused the other of being afraid of white men, even though half-starved. Tribes consisted of bands, each with a leader or chief. Colonel Sibley directed the judges, once they were satisfied that the defendant has "voluntarily participated" in the war, to convict--and to convict on "double quick" time. When captured Dakota noncombatants were moved to Fort Snelling in the winter of 1862, Minnesotans “armed with guns, knives, clubs and stones, rushed upon the Indians… beating them, and otherwise inflicting injury.”26 The Dakota War of 1862, like many wars before and after, proved a breeding ground for savagery and inhumanity on all sides of the conflict. The Dakota were eventually overwhelmed by the U.S. military six weeks later. The helium-filled balloon was piloted by Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson, and Larry Newman and flew 3,233 miles in ...read more, U.S. General George S. Patton and his 7th Army arrive in Messina several hours before British Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery and his 8th Army, winning the unofficial “Race to Messina” and completing the Allied conquest of Sicily. By mid-September, the initiative had shifted to the American forces.
In 1851, the Dakota signed the treaties of Traverse des Sioux and Mendota, which involved the cession of their “southwestern Minnesota Territory, along with significant acreage in the southeast” for which they “were to receive just over three million dollars in cash and annuities, to be paid out annually over fifty years.”8 After giving up nearly 24 million acres of fertile agricultural land, the Dakota were then relocated to “two reservations, each twenty miles wide and about seventy miles long, bordering the upper Minnesota River,” further decreased by land cessions in 1858.9.
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