Until the 1950s ajami
Other languages written with the Arabic and The old system also included: ty = c ; dy = j. by some speakers. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features for Hausa using the Arabic script. It enables you to type almost any language that uses the Latin, Cyrillic or Greek alphabets, and is free. Major UNESCO-sponsored conferences on harmonising Latin-based African language orthographies in Bamako in 1966 and Niamey in 1978 confirmed standards for writing Fula. The Adlam alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2016 with the release of version 9.0.[3]. West Africans cultivated this type of literacy, called Ajami (from ‘Ajamiyy ‘stranger’ in Arabic) from the 13th century onward. http://hausadictionary.com The letter ƴ is only used in Niger. http://hausa.cri.cn Yet, just like many language ideas exported from Western monolingual standard cultures, such a move would rob Ajami of the very underpinning of its success in linguistically diverse and fluctuating societies. At least some of the extended Arabic characters used in Ajami are also in the Unicode standard. is the distinction between R /r/ and R̃ /ɽ/. http://www.lexilogos.com/english/hausa_dictionary.htm ه, ء, خ, ف, ق, ذ, ز, ص, ض, ظ and ق are used only in Arabic loanwords. endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a Musey,
[2][3] After several years of development it started to be widely adopted among Fulani communities, and is currently taught in Guinea, Nigeria, Liberia and other nearby countries. For some languages, this writing crystallised into language-focused literary traditions roughly from the 17th century onward. http://kamus.com.ng/, Online radio and news in Hausa ( Log Out / In others contexts it remains a fluid informal practice. Marba, In secular state schools, literacy is mainly taught in the ex-colonial languages, which all use Latin-based orthographies. the Arabic script, so there is some variation in spelling between different The Arabic script was introduced into the West African Sahel with Islam several centuries before European colonization. This is a real shame, since Ajami writing is a very ergonomic form of literacy for languages for which not many resources are available. During the late 1980s an alphabetic script was devised by the teenaged brothers Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry, in order to represent the Fulani language. But even schools that teach so-called “national languages” – indigenous languages that are officially recognised – teach these languages in the Latin alphabet. writers. mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger, and also in Benin, Burkina Faso, Just as the Latin script spread with Christianity and was adapted to write languages other than Latin originally in religious contexts, the Arabic script was extended to write in the languages of Islamic scholars. Niger, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Last edited on 16 September 2020, at 13:48, "N4628R: Revised proposal for encoding the Adlam script in the SMP of the UCS", The Alphabet That Will Save a People From Disappearing, Winden Jangen ADLaM: Cellphone Applications, Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 18252, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fula_alphabets&oldid=978706556, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Two different vowels are never used together. a version of the Arabic script known as ajami. As was the case with other languages such as Hausa, Muslim Fulas who went through Koranic education adapted the script to writing their language.
In Afrikanistik Online 7, pp. Should there be an African day of languages? The Arabic script (Ajami) was adapted to write Fula after the Arabic conquests of Africa. Read more on the ingenious design principles of West African Ajami writing in this article: Souag, Lameen (2010): Ajami in West Africa. Sai dai kuma, kasancewar kwayoyin sautin larabci sun bambanta da na Hausa musamman tagwayen bakake irin su "gy" da "ts", sai kowanne marubuci ya zamo ya na amfani da ta sa dabarar wurin rubutun ajami. Phrases | So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws http://www.teachyourselfhausa.com Polci,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/hausa/ Ngizim,
Fula Latin alphabet (Senegal, Gambia and Mauritana) The Latin alphabet was introduced to Fula-speaking regions by European missionaries, colonial administrators and scholars. Major influences on the current forms used for writing Fula were decisions made by colonial administrators in Northern Nigeria and the Africa Alphabet. eval(ez_write_tag([[468,60],'omniglot_com-box-3','ezslot_2',148,'0','0'])); Since the beginning of the 17th century, Hausa has been written with
Hausa, Germany, Ghana, Sudan and Togo. http://polymath.org/hausa.phpeval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'omniglot_com-box-4','ezslot_1',122,'0','0'])); Online Hausa dictionaries Miya, The Fula language (Fula: Fulfulde, Pulaar, or Pular) is written primarily in the Latin script,[1] but in some areas is still written in an older Arabic script called the Ajami script or in the recently invented Adlam script. The Latin script was introduced to Fula-speaking regions of West and Central Africa by Europeans during, and in some cases immediately before, invasion. ( Log Out / is still used, mainly to write poetry, but also for at least one newpaper https://hausa.naij.com, Bade, Not surprisingly, this lack of recognition often leads its practitioners to under-report Ajami skills or even hide them from authorities, because these eye Qur’ānic schools and the knowledge acquired there with suspicion. There is no standard spelling system for Hausa written with Su dai yan-adam, ana haifuwarsu ne duka yantattu, kuma kowannensu na da
1–11. http://www2.dw-world.de/hausa/ and boko were both used, though since then boko has been Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. This flexibility has turned Ajami writing into a robust practice that doesn’t require much costly infrastructure, quite unlike standard writing of national languages in the Latin script.
( Log Out / (Character counts exclude ASCII characters.) the main alphabet for most Hausa speakers. Prior to adoption of this system in 1989, the Guinean languages alphabet was used.
eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',147,'0','0'])); Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. They are [5], The extended Latin characters used in the Latin transcription of Fula were incorporated since an early version of the Unicode Standard. The Arabic script was introduced into the West African Sahel with Islam several centuries before European colonization. Suna da hankali da tunani, saboda Most of the early Change ). Tangale, To this day, Ajami writing is an important form of literacy, especially in areas that ironically are regarded as hot spots of illiteracy in official literacy statistics. However, since Hausa ajami normally shows all the vowel diacritics, it actually functions as an alphabet. Africa in Europe: overcoming and creating borders.
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There has been at least one effort to adapt the N'Ko alphabet to the Pular language of Guinea.
eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'omniglot_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_0',141,'0','0'])); Download an alphabet chart for Hausa (Excel), A verse from Aljiyu Namangi, Imfiraji, Part 3 (Verse 3). The name adlam is an acronym derived from the first four letters of the alphabet (A, D, L, M), standing for Alkule Dandayɗe Leñol Mulugol ("the alphabet that protects the peoples from vanishing"). Su dai yan-adam, ana haifuwarsu ne duka yantattu, kuma kowannensu na da mutunci da hakkoki daidai da na kowa.
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