During Artaxias I's reign the Kingdom of Armenia covered 350,000 km2 (135,000 sq mi). [14][15] A noted episode which illustrates the observance by the Armenian Arsacids is the famous journey of Tiridates I to Rome in A.D. Traditionally, the following phrase translated from Solomon's Book of Proverbs is said to be the first sentence to be written down in Armenian by Mashtots: Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ:Čanačʿel zimastutʿiun yev zxrat, imanal zbans hančaroy.To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding. Those parts of historical Armenia remained thus in firm Persian hands until the Muslim conquest of Persia, while the Byzantine parts were also conquered by the invading Arabs in the course of the 7th century.
From 114 to 118, Armenia briefly became a province of the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, a Macedonian general named Neoptolemus obtained Armenia until he died in 321 BC and the Orontids returned, not as satraps, but as kings. Lesser Armenia's area was 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi). Armenian version. Nevertheless, the legion seems to have survived this battle, because it appears in Notitia Dignitatum which was written in the 5th century. Ընդ եղեգան փող ծուխ ելանէր, From 114 to 118, Armenia briefly became a province of the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan. In Bezabde the Armenian Second Legion served together with the Legions Parthica and II Flavia. 65-66. Sohaemus, a Roman citizen of Armenian heritage, was installed as the new client king. Its territory was reorganized into a satrapy called Armenia (Old Persian: Armina, Elamite: Harminuya, Akkadian: Urashtu). Ay, too, he had flaming beard, During the Roman Republic's eastern expansion, the Kingdom of Armenia, under Tigranes the Great, reached its peak, from 83 to 69 BC, after it reincorporated Sophene and conquered the remaining territories of the falling Seleucid Empire, effectively ending its existence and raising Armenia into an empire for a brief period, until it was itself conquered by Rome in 69 BC. The Romans admired and respected the bravery and the warrior spirit of the Armenian Cavalry – the hardcore of Tigran's Army. In medieval times "Azatavrear" cavalry were collected from nobles (usually the youngest sons of Armenian lords), and were known as Ayrudzi, or "horsemen." For a list of other Armenian Kingdoms, see, Legio II Armeniaca-Armenian Second Legion, Վահագնի ծննդյան երգի հին հայերեն բնագիրը. Artaxias I was not able to reunite Lesser Armenia, Corduene, and Sophene, something completed by his grandson Tigranes the Great. The geographic Armenian Highlands, then known as the highlands of Ararat (Assyrian: Urartu), was originally inhabited by Proto-Armenian tribes which did not yet constitute a unitary state or nation. In AD 387, Armenia was divided into Byzantine Armenia in the west and Persian Armenia in the east. Ընդ եղեգան փող ծուխ ելանէր, At its peak, under Tigranes the Great, it covered 3,000,000 km2 (1,158,000 sq mi), incorporating, besides Armenia Major, Iberia, Albania, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Armenian Mesopotamia, Osroene, Adiabene, Syria, Assyria, Judea and Atropatene. In travail were heaven and earth, The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire. Surrey: Routledge. [1] With the advent of Christianity, both paganism and Zoroastrianism gradually started to diminish. Armenian Second Legion was probably created at the end of the 3rd century or in the beginning of the 4th century. Parthia and also some Arab tribes were vassals of Tigranes the Great. The kingdom competed with Assyria over supremacy in the highlands of Ararat and the Fertile Crescent. Բոց ունէր մօրուս, This legion is also mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum. The traditional date for Armenia's conversion to Christianity is established at 301, which precedes the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great's conversion and the Edict of Milan by a dozen years. The geographic Armenian Highlands, then known as the highlands of Ararat (Assyrian: Urartu), was originally inhabited by Proto-Armenian tribes which did not yet constitute a unitary state or nation. And out of the flame a youth ran! Volume I: The Rise of Tigran the Great The first volume will feature the early days of Armenia's most important and successful king! Beside heavy cavalry there was also light cavalry, which mainly consisted of mounted archers. Fiery hair had he, [7] The new city was laid on a strategic position at the juncture of trade routes that connected the Ancient Greek world with Bactria, India and the Black Sea which permitted the Armenians to prosper. It is most likely that Armenian First Legion was formed in the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD, in the Western part of Kingdom of Armenia and that its mission was to protect the Armenian lands from intrusion. At its height, from 95 to 66 BC, Armenia extended its rule through areas of the Caucasus and the area that is now eastern Turkey, Syria and Lebanon. The root of the kingdom lies in one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia called Armenia (Satrapy of Armenia), which was formed from the territory of the Kingdom of Ararat after it was conquered by the Median Empire in 590 BC. Note that the numbers given by Israelite historians of the time were probably exaggerated, considering the fact that the Hasmonean Jews lost the war against Tigranes.
horsemen] Cavalry was "remarkable by the beauty of their horses and armor". This implies that today’s Armenians are the descendants of those speakers. But during an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166. Under the Seleucid Empire (312-63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two – Armenia Maior and Sophene – both of which passed to members of the Artaxiad dynasty in 189 BC. Երկն ի ծովուն ունէր և զկարմրիկն եղեգնիկ։ Under the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two – Armenia Maior and Sophene – both of which passed to members of the Artaxiad dynasty in 189 BC. Weakened by the Seleucid Empire which succeeded the Macedonian Empire, the last Orontid king, Orontes IV, was overthrown in 200/201 BC and the kingdom was taken over by an Armenian commander of the Seleucid Empire, Artashes I, who is presumed to be a member of Orontid dynasty.
Western Armenia quickly became a province of the Roman Empire under the name of Armenia Minor, and becoming later Byzantine Armenia; Eastern Armenia remained a kingdom within Persia until 428, when the local nobility overthrew the king, and the Sassanids installed a governor in his place, beginning the so-called Marzpanate period over Persian Armenia. Strabo says that Artaxias I raided to the east and reunited Caspiane and Paytakaran, then raided to the north, defeated the Iberians, reuniting Gugark (Strabo also notes that Iberia recognized themselves as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia at this time), to the west, reuniting Karin, Ekeghik and Derjan and to the south, where, after many battles with the Seleucid Empire, he reunited Tmorik. This Legion is mentioned in the late-antique text known as Notitia Dignitatum. The army of the Kingdom of Armenia reached its peak under the reign of Tigranes the Great. Regardless, the smaller Cappadocian, Graeco-Phoenician, and Nabataean armies were no match for the sheer number of soldiers. Ընդ եղեգան փող բոց ելանէր, Բոց ունէր մօրուս, In 387, the Kingdom of Armenia was split between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Persians. Subsequently, Armenia was often a focus of contention between Rome and Parthia, with both major powers supporting opposing sovereigns and usurpers. The Kingdom of Armenia often served as a client state or vassal at the frontier of the two large empires and their successors, the Byzantine and Sassanid empires. In 63, strengthened further by the legions III Gallica, V Macedonica, X Fretensis and XXII, General Corbulo entered into the territories of Vologases I of Parthia, who then returned the Armenian kingdom to Tiridates, king Vologases I's brother. Traditionally, the following phrase translated from Solomon's Book of Proverbs is said to be the first sentence to be written down in Armenian by Mashtots: By the 2nd century BC, according to Strabo, the inhabitants of Greater Armenia spoke the Armenian language, implying that modern Armenians are descended from that population.[17][18].
It was thus not unlike the other enormous Eastern armies of the time. The geographic Armenian Highlands, then known as the highlands of Ararat (Assyrian: Urartu), was originally inhabited by Proto-Armenian tribes which did not yet constitute a unitary state or nation. The Armenian First Legion took part in the ill-fated Persian campaign of the emperor Julianus Apostata in 363. 65–66. Orontes III also defeated the Thessalian commander Menon, who wanted to capture Sper's gold mines. Artaxias seized Yervandashat, united the Armenian Highlands at the expense of neighboring tribes and founded the new royal capital of Artaxata near the Araxes River. In 301, Tiridates III proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia, making the Armenian kingdom the first state to embrace Christianity officially. Before the Armenian alphabet was created, Armenians used Aramaic and Greek alphabets, the last of which had a great influence on Armenian alphabet. Ay, too, he had flaming beard, The Romans then installed Mithridates of Armenia as client king. Little is known about pre-Christian Armenian literature. [12] With the advent of Christianity, both paganism and Zoroastrianism gradually started to diminish. His army won significant victories and retook the capital. To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. Plutarch wrote that the Armenian archers could kill from 200 meters with their deadly-accurate arrows. Mach Chahin (2001). Armenia reached its greatest size and influence under King Tigranes II. Mithridates was arrested by Caligula, but later restored by Claudius. These followers consisted of camels, donkeys, and mules used for baggage, sheep, cattle, and goats for food, said to be stocked in abundance for each man, and hoards of gold and silver. Orontes III and the ruler of Lesser Armenia, Mithridates, recognized themselves independent, thus elevating the former Armenian satrapy into a kingdom, giving birth to the kingdoms of Armenia and Lesser Armenia. Armenian Second Legion had a permanent camp in one of the Northern provinces of the Orient. Later, in medieval times "Azatavrear" cavalry or Armenian heavy cavalry was collected from nobles (youngest sons of Armenian lords) and was known as AYRUDZI (man and horse, horseman). Another campaign was led by Emperor Lucius Verus in 162–165, after Vologases IV of Parthia had invaded Armenia and installed his chief general on its throne. In 189 BC when Artashes I's reign began, many neighboring countries (Media, Caucasian Iberia, Seleucid Empire) using the weakening of the kingdom, conquered the remote parts of the kingdom. Throughout most of its history during this period, Armenia was heavily contested between Rome and Parthia, and the Armenian nobility was divided among pro-Roman, pro-Parthian or neutrals. And his eyes, they were as suns! After the fall of the Arsacid dynasty in Persia, the succeeding Sasanian Empire aspired to reestablish Persian control. Եւ ի բոցոյն վազէր խարտեաշ պատանեկիկ։
In 885, after years of Roman, Persian, and Arab rule, Armenia regained its independence under the Bagratuni dynasty. In AD 51 Armenia fell to an Iberian invasion sponsored by Parthia, led by Rhadamistus.
Armenia's adoption of Christianity as the state religion (the first country to do so) distinguished it from Parthian and Mazdaen influence.[11]. After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the former Satrapy of Armenia was divided in about 120 clan territories. The Kingdom of Armenia often served as a client state or vassal at the frontier of the two large empires and their successors, the Byzantine and Sassanid empires. His army consisted mainly of 120,000 infantrymen and 12,000 mounted archers, also an important feature of the Parthian army.
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