By 1973, the Selective Service System was on its way to least temporary extinction. by codman225 Plays ... Vietnamization : ... Nixon also had the Vietnamization policy that somewhat slowed down the war but dragged it on longer then it should have in my opinion. The SVN forces, with some U.S. air support, were unable to defeat PAVN regulars. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam had some excellent ground combat units, but still had very serious problems of command, control, and communications at division level and above. However: "Pacification, the second component, presented the real challenge...it was benevolent government action in areas where the government should always have been benevolently active...doing both was necessary if Vietnamization were to work.". Define Vietnam War. [clarification needed] Thus, ARVN candidates were enrolled in U.S. helicopter schools to take over the operations. 120 seconds . The horrors of war were beamed into American living rooms, in real time, for the first time ever. Ending the Vietnam War, 1969–1973 . This is an OPTIONAL OPPORTUNITY to earn XCREDIT POINTS (1/2-PT for each term) for the VOCABULARY . Paris Peace Accords. Fall of Saigon . Separate ARVN operations took place in the Parrot's Beak area. 1. Ground commanders also learned that armored units were not for infantry support and static defenses, but needed to be used as mobile reserves. Newsman Walter Cronkite announced that he saw a stalemate as the best case scenario for the Tet Offensive. [1] Brought on by the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, the policy referred to U.S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by the U.S. Air Force, as well as the support to South Vietnam, consistent with the policies of U.S. foreign military assistance organizations. 416 times. In June 1969, he had announced an exit strategy focused on “Vietnamization,” a program to gradually transfer all of the war’s military operations to the South Vietnamese.At the same time, Nixon announced the beginning of phased U.S. troop withdrawals. How was US involvement in Vietnam tied into the policy of Containment? Boycott of Summer Olympics in Moscow . ... Vietnamization: Definition. Definition. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. APUSH Name _____Mukta Deshmukh_____ Review Activity #8 Hour ___4__ Date _____3/7/2021_____ College Board Concept Outline Period 8: 1945 to 1980 Directions: The Concept Outline below presents the required concepts and topics that students need to understand for the APUSH test. Nov. 3, 1969: The Speech. Lived off maize, and had cities and commerce. In the aftermath of the Tet Offensive, ARVN units were able to take control of areas held by the Viet Cong. march to tecnochilan. demonstrators at Kent State University in Ohio. Vietnam War synonyms, Vietnam War pronunciation, Vietnam War translation, English dictionary definition of Vietnam War. Tri died 2.5 hours later in his first helicopter crash of inspection. Use Trello to collaborate, communicate and coordinate on all of your projects. Policy of American withdrawal from South Vietnam near the end of the Vietnam War, This article is about Richard Nixon's Vietnam War's policy. Operation Rolling Thunder. 3 years ago. The Doctrine was exemplified by the Vietnamization process regarding South Vietnam and the Vietnam War. Leading the ground force withdrawals, Marine redeployments started in mid-1969, and by the end of the year the entire 3rd Marine Division had departed.[10]. While there had been many assumptions that the South Vietnamese government was penetrated by many spies, and there indeed were many, a December 1969 capture of a Viet Cong communications intelligence center and documents revealed that they had been getting a huge amount of information using simple technology and smart people, as well as sloppy U.S. communications security. APUSH Mock Test April 25 and 26. We hope your visit has been a productive one. Nixon authorized unacknowledged bombing in Cambodia while U.S. ground troops were in South Vietnam. It was the policy of turning the war in Vietnam to the ARVN (Army of the Republic of [South] Vietnam). And vital to advancement was the avoidance of risk, even at the price of defeat. jraines. This process was the replacing of “American troops with South Vietnamese troops, to transfer military responsibility to South Vietnam” (“Vietnamization”). The Popular Force battalions, however, did not move away from the area in which they were formed. [clarification needed]. Pardon of Nixon. At that time, communist losses dating from the Tet Offensive numbered 75,000, and morale was faltering, even among the party leadership. Tet Offensive, attacks staged by North Vietnamese forces beginning in the early hours of January 31, 1968, during the Vietnam War. n. A protracted military conflict between South Vietnam, supported by United States forces, and Communist North Vietnam. "[22], Thieu relieved the operational commander, head of I Corps tactical zone commander Hoang Xuan Lam with the most respected combat commander in the ARVN, Do Cao Tri. Flexible response. The earliest citation for Viet Cong in English is from 1957. President Richard M. Nixon assumed responsibility for the Vietnam War as he swore the oath of office on January 20, 1969. brought an end to antiwar protest. Task Force Shoemaker, of the 1st Cavalry Divisions, carried out B-52 strikes in the Fishhook area of Cambodia. Richard Nixon, 37th president of the United States (1969–74), who, faced with almost certain impeachment for his role in the Watergate scandal, became the first American president to resign from office. 11th grade. 11th Grade. b. the Arab oil For example, the NVA equivalent of the Defense Intelligence Agency was the Central Research Directorate (CRD) in Hanoi. Ending the Vietnam War, 1969–1973 . After several years of the First Indochina War, French commanders adopted a policy they called "yellowing" (jaunissement), expressly to minimize white casualties. It said that the U.S. would honor an exist defense commitments but from then on countries would have to fight their own war. ... Random History or Definition Quiz The US as a Superpower APUSH PM Quiz Stats. Vietnamization. APUSH/PERIOD 6: EXTRA CREDIT TERMS & CONCEPTS [CHAPTER 27] FOR 31 EXTRA CREDIT POINTS DIRECTIONS. military aid to civilians] in South Vietnam." The American advisory effort remained the same, as did the shipments of American military and economic assistance to the government and armed forces of South Vietnam. He knew that ending this war honorably was essential to his success in the presidency. This made American involvement visible to the U.S. population, and there were intense protests, including deaths in a confrontation between rock-throwing protesters and National Guardsmen at Kent State University. 2 years ago. 52. The plan was to train, equip and expand South Vietnamese forces so that they could take over more military responsibilities for their own defense against the North communists, and at the same time, allowed the U.S. to gradually withdraw its combat troops … The term Việt Cộng appeared in Saigon newspapers beginning in 1956. APUSH CH. Ho said he would be willing to negotiate if the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder ceased. Definition – A small group of anti-Castro exiles had been trained by the CIA to land in Cuba, overthrow Castro and, with the help of the CIA restore democracy to the island. Other ARVN units faced more of a challenge. Two participants approached Kissinger and offered a disavowable means of communication between the U.S. and the communist leadership. Email. The Tet Offensive (1968) was a political and media disaster. 38-39 questionNew Frontier answerThe campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. Camp David Accords. Definitions of the important terms you need to know about in order to understand The Vietnam War (1945–1975), including 17th Parallel, Agent Orange, Annam, Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), Binh Xuyen, Can Lao, Cao Dai, Central Office of South Vietnam (COSVN) , Christmas Bombing , Cochin China, COINTELPRO, Containment, Credibility Gap, Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), Democratic Republic … General Tran Van Tra of the Viet Cong forces in the South stated: We suffered large sacrifices and losses with regard to manpower and materiel, especially cadres at the various echelons, which clearly weakened us. Edit. Level. [citation needed] President Johnson's popularity plummeted and he announced a bombing halt on March 31, simultaneously announcing he would not run for re-election. Much of North Vietnamese infiltration went through Cambodia. Détente (a French word meaning release from tension) is the name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in … Campaigning under the slogan “Peace with Honor,” Richard M. Nixon won the 1968 presidential election. [3], Nixon directed the Joint Chiefs of Staff to prepare a six-step withdrawal plan. APUSH PERIOD 8 - COLD WAR AMERICA DRAFT. Nixon Doctrine. Total Cards. Panama Treaty. Armored units had developed the greatest confidence in their ability to fight without U.S. air support. The attacks were carried out by some 85,000 troops against five major South Vietnamese cities, dozens of military installations, and scores of … At a January 28, 1969, meeting of the National Security Council, General Andrew Goodpaster, deputy to General Creighton Abrams and commander of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, stated that the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) had been steadily improving, and the point at which the war could be "de-Americanized" was close. The Vietnamization policy achieved limited rollback of Communist gains inside South Vietnam only, and was primarily aimed at providing the arms, training and funding for the South to fight and win its own war, if it had the courage and commitment to do so. The Communists learned of the attack and surprised the exiles. ... Vietnamization. The Communist side's intelligence operations, beyond the spies that were discovered, are much less known. While Ellsberg eventually did send a withdrawal option, Kissinger would not circulate something that could be perceived as defeat.[8]. 2 years ago. [16], The 25,000-man ARVN force, which U.S. planners had considered half the necessary size,[23] took admitted 25% casualties, which some estimates put as high as 50%. [24], By the beginning of 1972, over 400,000 U.S. personnel had been withdrawn, most of whom were combat troops. In 1969, Nixon ordered B-52 strikes against the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) bases and supply routes in Cambodia, which had been used as a sanctuary by North Vietnam forces. Subsequent congressional action banned further U.S. ground intervention outside the boundaries of South Vietnam, so the next major drive, Operation Lam Son 719, would have to be based on ARVN ground forces, U.S. air and artillery support, and U.S. advisory and logistical assistance. Before and after, there had been a much more highly classified, and only now available in heavily censored form, National Security Agency analysis of how the Communists were getting their information, which has led to a good deal of modern counterintelligence and operations security.[19]. personnel. The departure of Lyndon B Johnson did not end the war; rather, it spread throughout Southeast Asia. Edit. Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops". Was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident a legitimate reason for the US to send military troops? 71% average accuracy. [3] Nixon had ordered Kissinger to negotiate diplomatic policies with Soviet statesman Anatoly Dobrynin. An agreement between Britain and the United States developed at a conference in Washington, DC, between January 29- March 27, 1941, that should the United States enter World War II, the two nations and their allies would coordinate their military planning, … It was announced during the Vietnam War (1954–75), History. Subject. For example, the ARVN 5th Division was directed to move from its existing base camp, Phu Cuong, to that of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division in Lai Khê, while the U.S. division moved southeast to Dĩ An. Changes in American […] APUSH 39 - Flashcard questionOne reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was a. the entry of large numbers of women in the work force. Henry Kissinger, a Harvard professor whom the president appointed. As observed by Lieutenant General Dave Palmer, to qualify an ARVN candidate for U.S. helicopter school, he first needed to learn English; this, in addition to the months-long training and practice in the field, made adding new capabilities to the ARVN take at least two years. 233 times. After all, the meaning of who constituted an “American” was likewise uncertain. Vietnamization. Q. The South Vietnamese—with American money, weapons, training, and advice—could then gradually take over the burden of fighting their own war. "...promotions were won in Saigon, not in battle. Nixon Doctrine, a foreign policy of the U.S. government, announced by U.S. Pres. While the operation is detailed in a separate sub-article, the key issues were that the ARVN were inexperienced in executing large operations. DAY 72. In 1967, Kissinger attended a Pugwash Conference of scientists interested in nuclear disarmament. Vietnamization Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time; It also included a gradual take over of the South Vietnamese taking responsibility of fighting their own war by American-provided money, weapons, training, and advice. The Vietnam war escalation began with the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Nixon said Vietnamization had two components. Not long into his term, Nixon announced a new policy of Vietnamization to gradually withdraw the more than 500,000 American soldiers from Vietnam and return control of the war to the South Vietnamese ARVN. Tags: Question 64 . ; The new Vietnam policy moved along several fronts. Beyond the issue that the Air Force was always fragmented to the corps commanders, they also did not receive various expected equipment upgrades. Let there be no doubt that there were individual ARVN commanders who would be credit to any military, but, Thieu, like those RVN leaders before him, was constantly concerned at preventing a military coup. Part of the Nixon Doctrine and begun the Johnson Administration. Reaganomics is a popular term referring to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. President (1981–1989). 416 times. On receiving the report, Kissinger and Schelling asked Ellsberg about the apparent absence of a victory option; Ellsberg said "I don't believe there is a win option in Vietnam." (AP Photo/Bob Schutz) After the end of the First Indochina War and the Viet Minh defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the countries meeting at the Geneva Conference divided Vietnam into northern and southern halves, ruled by separate regimes, and scheduled elections to reunite the country under a unified government. President Nixon announced a new policy called “Vietnamization” and it was to withdraw the 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam over an extended period. 71% average accuracy. It also made war training and equipment increase dramatically for the South Vietnam troops. The Civil Rights Movement. See more. The Communists still controlled many remote jungle and mountain districts, especially areas that protected the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Although the heavily fortified Hill 937 was of little strategic value, U.S. command ordered its capture by a frontal assault, only to abandon it soon thereafter. In June 1969, the Viet Cong and its allied organizations formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG), recognized by Hanoi as the legal government of South Vietnam. APUSH Period 8 and 9 Review DRAFT. [4] Palmer did not disagree that the first component, given time and resources, was achievable. Cultural traits are created and recreated over time as new people, technology, ideas, and symbols permeate the national conscience. Under the policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military: answer choices . mvasquez116. During the war, the United States fought to protect South Vietnam from the terrors of North Vietnam and the threat of turning to communism. The new Vietnam policy moved along several fronts. Iranian Hostage Crisis. Richard Nixon in 1969, whereby the United States would thereafter support allies facing military threats with economic and military aid rather than with ground troops. AP US History terms - 2nd set. Description. The Khmer Rouge broke with its North Vietnamese sponsors, and aligned with China. Vietnamization. U.S. citizens' mistrust of their government that had begun after the offensive worsened with the release of news about U.S. soldiers massacring civilians at My Lai (1968), the invasion of Cambodia (1970), and the leaking of the Pentagon Papers (1971). Vietnamization Definition of Vietnamization by Merriam . Politically, this allowed Nixon to negotiate with China and the Soviet Union without suggesting that he was compromising U.S. soldiers in the field.[25]. ABM Treaty. President Richard M. Nixon assumed responsibility for the Vietnam War as he swore the oath of office on January 20, 1969. Definition - Peace treaty between United States and North Vietnam that led to the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. Edit. It also played elsewhere in Asia including Iran, Taiwan, Cambodia and South Korea. My definition of Vietnamization is that we would assist the South Vietnamese to defend their country and we would withdraw our troops and in that … He repeated what he had argued before: the United States had to achieve "peace with honor" and to avoid an overly sudden withdrawal. T.F. The incursion prevented the immediate takeover of Cambodia by Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge, and cost the PAVN the supply line from the port of Sihanoukville. Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time. Trello is the visual collaboration platform that gives teams perspective on projects. Henry Kissinger began secret talks with the North Vietnamese official, Lê Đức Thọ, in February 1970. The U.S. Kissinger saw Vietnam as a mistake and pushed for disengagement. During the spring of 1970, there was a threat to President Richard Nixon’s plan to end the war. After discussing the matter with Assistant Secretary of State William Bundy and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, a message was sent. Arms for bases. The South Vietnamese, with American money, weapons, training, and advice, would then gradually take over the war. For the terms & … The Commandant of the Marine Corps General Leonard F. Chapman Jr. remembered, "I felt, and I think that most Marines felt, that the time had come to get out of Vietnam." The policy of Vietnamization, despite its successful execution, was ultimately a failure as the improved ARVN forces and the reduced American and allied component were unable to prevent the fall of Saigon and the subsequent merger of the north and south, to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Vietnamization This was President Nixon's policy to withdraw the 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam over an extended period, thus turning the war over to Vietnam. SURVEY . Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. US critics of the war compared Vietnamization to jaunissement.[5]. By 1973, the Selective Service System was on its way to least, In the fall of 1969, Nixon announced reduction of American ground, troops from Vietnam by 60,000 the first reduction in U.S. troop, By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had, concluded that the most effective day to tip the military balance in, America’s favor was to destroy the bases in Cambodia from, which the American military believed the North Vietnamese were, Four college students were killed and nine others injured when, members of the National Guard opened fire on antiwar. History. Nixon also opened high-level contact with China. Aztecs- Made bloody sacrifices to the gods, Conquered by Cortes, established and grand. Vietnamization: Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces Related Study Materials The ARVN unit had to retain its previous operational responsibility, while replacing a division that was far better equipped with helicopters than a standard U.S. They were rejected, although brought up again in 1967.[6]. The U.S. intelligence collection systems, a significant amount of which (especially the techniques) were not shared with the ARVN, and, while not fully declassified, examples have been mentioned earlier in this article. Edit. 11th grade. Changes in American […] Certainly, mechanical failure was less demoralizing. The Vietnam War Essential Questions. Ping Pong Diplomacy. In a given strike, each B-52 normally dropped 42,000 lb (19,000 kg) of bombs, and each strike consisted of three or six bombers. In the fall of 1969, Nixon announced reduction of American ground Dobrynin expressed the Soviet position that the U.S. needed to stop trying to divide the Paris Peace Talks into two parts: Dobrynin, however, misunderstood the extent to which the U.S. was willing to apply military force not involving ground troops, culminating in Operation Linebacker II. Nixon's plan for peace with honor in Vietnam. See results from the The US as a Superpower APUSH PM Quiz on Sporcle, the best trivia site on the internet! Study Flashcards On APUSH Pageant Chapter 40 at Cram.com. When North Vietnam, late in the year, left the negotiating table, Nixon authorized the intensive Operation Linebacker II campaign, which forced the North Vietnamese to negotiate; a peace treaty was signed and all U.S. combat forces were withdrawn. Some ARVN units, especially that had been operating closely with U.S. troops or using facilities, could quickly move into a dominant role in their areas. Henry Kissinger, a Harvard professor whom the president appointed as his special assistance for national security affairs. APUSH Period 8 and 9 Review DRAFT. Salt I . Some of the material from Touchdown also gave insight into the North Vietnamese intelligence system. The orders for U.S. bombing of Cambodia were classified, and thus kept from the U.S. media and Congress. division. The Vietnam war escalation began with the Gulf of Tonkin incident. On August 2, 1964, USS Maddox, an American destroyer, was attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin by three North Vietnamese torpedo boats while conducting an intelligence mission. It is known the crash was at low altitude; it has been argued it had crashed due to mechanical failure or enemy fire. Huge temples. Save. ", "The Presidential Decision on the Cambodian Operation: A Case Study in Crisis Management", "Two Fighting Generals: Generals Do Cao Tri and Nguyen Viet Thanh", "Project touchdown: how we paid the price for lack of communications security in Vietnam - A costly lesson", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vietnamization&oldid=1019573801, Military history of the United States during the Vietnam War, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from April 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013, Articles needing additional references from November 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, discussion of military issues between the U.S. and the DRV, resolution of political issues by placing them, "for all practical purposes, entirely in the hands of Saigon, which does not want to resolve them and is unable to do so, since it is unable to soberly assess the situation and the alignment of forces in South Vietnam. Moctezuma thought Cortes was Quetzelcoatl. Nixon immediately liked Laird's word.[2]. For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums. If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web … The Nixon Doctrine and Vietnamization marked the beginning of the end for U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Commanded by Hoang Xuan Lam, known more for loyalty to Nguyen Van Thieu than for military talent, Saigon's effort to strike against one of these strongholds, Operation Lam Son 719, failed in 1971. The first was "strengthening the armed force of the South Vietnamese in numbers, equipment, leadership and combat skills", while the second was "the extension of the pacification program [i.e. Nixon started a policy called "Vietnamization," which was to withdraw 540,000 U.S. troops from South Vietnam. brought an end to antiwar protest. General Lon Nol had overthrown Prince Norodom Sihanouk in March 1970, who had presented himself as a neutralist while aware of the PAVN use of his country. Dates: 1945-1980 Topic #: Key Concepts: 8.1; GPS: SSUSH20e Required Pre-Reading: AMSCO 566-572; 579-581. The American advisory effort remained the same, as did the shipments of American military and economic assistance to the government and armed forces of South Vietnam. A second attack seemed have occurred two days later, though the reports were sketchy (It now appears that there was no second attack). Vietnamization was a policy of the Nixon administration during the Vietnam War soon after President Nixon took office in January 1969. Lyndon Johnson's major political interests were domestic; the war interfered with his domestic focus, and he was eager to end the war in a way that he considered politically acceptable. ceased bombings in Vietnam. The war, however, continued. Carter 1976-1980. APUSH Chapter 40 Discussion After reading Chapter 40, respond to the below question using examples from the reading and previous knowledge. His plan called for the “Vietnamization” of the war which was defined as the systematic build-up of ARVN forces to the point that they could prosecute the war without American aid. Created. Mai Van Bo, Hanoi's diplomatic representative in Paris, was named a point of contact. Culture is Complicated Throughout United States History, historical factors shaped the meaning of what “American culture” looked like. The Nixon Doctrine and Vietnamization marked the beginning of the end for U.S. involvement in Vietnam. APUSH Timeline Print; Zoom Out; Unit 1 (Periods 1 and 2) Indian Tribes 1600 - 1776. and US influence, and install a leader sympathetic to the west and the united states in an attempt to maintain the flow of oil from Iran to the US. History. Because U.S. President Lyndon Johnson continued to expand U.S. support to South Vietnam, the U.S. military presence continued and took a more aggressive posture in 1964. They underestimated the needed forces, and the senior officers had developed in a context that rewarded loyalty rather than competence. Brought on by the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, the policy referred to U.S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by the U.S. Air Force, as well as the support to South Vietnam, c… Which of the following was the purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973? Nixon Doctrine, a foreign policy of the U.S. government, announced by U.S. Pres. ", This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 03:25. Edit. Merriam-webster.com DA: 23 PA: 26 MOZ Rank: 55. Quizlet.com DA: 11 PA: 44 MOZ Rank: 56. The trail and conviction in 1971 of Lieutenant William Calley, who was, charged wit h overseeing a massacre of more than 300, unharmed South Vietnamese civilians, attracted wide public. The Battle of Hamburger Hill was a battle of the Vietnam War that was fought by U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam forces against People's Army of Vietnam forces from 10 to 20 May 1969 during Operation Apache Snow. APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 EXPLAINED: Period 8 Key Concepts Graphic Organizer. Détente. The name "Vietnamization" came about accidentally. In particular, Raymond Aubrac, an official of the World Health Organization, knew Ho Chi Minh and agreed to carry a message. Since Hanoi would not communicate with an American official without a bombing halt, Kissinger served as an intermediary. APUSH 2. [page needed] The doctrine was an explicit rejection of the practice that sent 500,000 American soldiers to Vietnam, even though there was no treaty obligation to that country. 77% average accuracy. On April 30, 1970, responding to a Communist attempt to take Cambodia, Nixon announced a large scale US–ARVN incursion into Cambodia to directly hit the PAVN headquarters and supply dumps; the area bordered ARVN III Corps tactical zone. 4/25 Periods 5,6 and 3(A-L) 4/26 Periods 1,2 and 3(M-Z) Describe each of these events associated with President Richard M. Nixon: the silent majority, Vietnamization, the bombing of Cambodia,the Mai Lai Massacre, peace with honor, Detente(SALT I), visit to ” Red China”; How did Nixon end US involvement in Vietnam and what was the result? North Vietnam made a major conventional attack on the South, for which the U.S. provided major air support under Operation Linebacker I, which enabled the ARVN to regain substantial control. The price of defeat. 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