“All children born in Rakhine, regardless of religious background, are issued with birth certificates. “These are some of the steps taken to improve livelihoods, security, access to education and health, citizenship, and social cohesion for all communities in Rakhine. It resorted to threats and intimidation against local villagers in order to gain support and allegiance, executing suspected informers. Transcript: Aung San Suu Kyi’s speech at the ICJ in full In a speech that lasted about 30 minutes, Myanmar leader defended her country’s military against genocide allegations. Before World War II Aung San was actively anti-British; he then allied with the Japanese during World War II. Since then, the military has used this expression in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations after attacks by insurgents or terrorists. 12 Dec 2019 Genocide is the crime that the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda applied in response to the mass-killing of perhaps 70 percent of the Tutsis in Rwanda. Despite the widespread loathing of the … There will be no tolerance of human rights violations in the Rakhine, or elsewhere in Myanmar. General Aung San was born on 13 Feb 1915. She reportedly said, “Because there were no … There may have been several hundred casualties in some of the 12 locations. “Thank you, Mr President and members of the court. In her opening statement in front of judges in The Hague on Wednesday, the former human rights icon rejected the case at the United Nations’ highest court – which was filed by the Gambia with the support of the 57-member Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) – alleging Myanmar violated the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The historical Kingdom of Arakan had extended much further to the north than the river Naf, including most of what is today Chittagong District in Bangladesh. “Mr President and members of the court, the troubles of Rakhine State and its population, whatever their background, go back into past centuries and have been particularly severe over the last few years. “Regrettably, The Gambia has placed before the Court an incomplete and misleading factual picture of the situation in Rakhine State in Myanmar. Three IDP camps have already been closed, and an IDP-camp closure strategy has been adopted. More than thirty police stations and villages, and one military base, had been attacked before sunrise in a highly coordinated fashion, by an organised armed group operating along a densely forested hill-range that provides ample opportunity to hide. If other independent countries make one stride, we have to make several strides. Although the focus here is on members of the military, I can assure you that appropriate action will also be taken against civilian offenders, in line with due process. That process is now underway at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Union Parliament. The leader of Myanmar's military junta has pledged to hold a new election and cede power to the winner, in his first speech since deposing State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi's elected government in a coup last week. Her father is assassinated when she is two years old. “In both situations, international justice resisted the temptation to use this strongest of legal classifications because the requisite specific intent to physically destroy the targeted group in whole or in part was not present. Together with our partners, we are now striving to ensure that all communities enjoy the same fundamental rights. However, his political views and quotes from his last speech on the reconstruction of Myanmar, national unity, discipline and the bad habits and public morality of Myanmar people are still popular catchphrases in Myanmar 73 years after his death. Myanmar has never challenged this border since independence in 1948. Aung San Suu Kyi decided to be the face of the effort to justify the crimes of Myanmar's unaccountable army. June 19, 1945: Suu Kyi, daughter of Myanmar’s independence hero General Aung San, is born. It is never easy for armed forces to recognise self-interest in accountability for their members, and to implement a will to accountability through actual investigations and prosecutions. Aung San Suu Kyi addresses Myanmar genocide in speech at The Hague | FULL - YouTube. July 19, 1947, Rangoon [now Yangon]), Burmese nationalist leader and assassinated hero who was instrumental in securing Burma's independence from Great Britain. However, on the morning of 1 February, the Tatmadaw detained State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, President Win Myint and other senior leaders, and declared a year-long state of emergency. He was instrumental in Burma's independence from British rule, but was assassinated just six months before his goal was realized. “The sacrifices made by Muslim fighters motivated a call for the creation of an autonomous Muslim space in northern Rakhine, centred on Maungdaw. “I am the youngest delegate here even though my office gives me precedence. He and thousands of supporters in Fytche Square, now Maha Bandula Park, did not know that the speech would be his last. Many ARSA fighters died. To expedite citizenship verification and application, a mobile team is already in operation. In the Mansi case, for example, a court-martial sat close to the location in Kachin State where three internally displaced civilians were killed. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi makes her first-ever public speech in Myanmar at the Yangon General Hospital on Aug. 24, 1988. Address made by Hon'ble U Aung San, Deputy Chairman, Counsellor to the Governor of Burma and Deputy President of the Burma Executive Council at the Memorial Ceremony for the men who died in captivity at work on the Burma- Siam railway (1942-45) held at … We do not encourage viewing this site in this width. “The Arakan Army seeks autonomy or independence for Rakhine – or Arakan as it was called – finding inspiration in the memory of the historic Kingdom of Arakan. (Photo: Reuters/Lynn Bo Bo/Pool) 08 Feb 2021 10:31PM (Updated: 09 Feb 2021 12:34AM ) The government has started a social cohesion model project in Maungdaw township, to promote social harmony among all communities. YANGON—On this day in 1947, Myanmar national hero General Aung San made a controversial speech from the balcony of Yangon City Hall. This can also happen in Myanmar. File photo of Myanmar military commander-in-chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing in February 2018. “We look to justice as a champion of the reconciliation and harmony that will assure the security and rights of all peoples. Neither was it applied by that Tribunal nor by this Court when deciding upon the exodus of the Serb population from Croatia in 1995. After reading the General Aung San's speech which was delivered 61 years ago, this blogger would like to praise and speak to Bogyoke Aung San through my small insignificant blog. “Mr President and members of the court, may I go back to the situation in Rakhine on the morning of August 25, 2017. I respectfully invite the members of the court to consider for a moment the record of other countries. Leaders of States and relevant inter-governmental and non-governmental organisations should also be cognisant of their responsibility to express and affirm fundamental values. Watch later. It is a matter for the competent criminal justice authorities to assess whether, for example, there has been inadequate distinction between civilians and ARSA fighters, disproportionate use of force, violations of human rights, failure to prevent plundering or property destruction, or acts of forcible displacement of civilians. 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We pray the Court to refrain from taking any action that might aggravate the ongoing armed conflict and peace and security in Rakhine. Its meaning has been distorted. As part of the overall efforts of the Myanmar Government to provide justice, a court-martial found that 10 Muslim men had been summarily executed in Inn Din village, one of the 12 locations of serious incidents referred to earlier. Six days after he made the controversial speech, while criticisms were still in the air, Gen. Aung San was assassinated, shot 13 times at Yangon’s Secretariat Building. Accountability through domestic criminal justice is the norm. vrbo.com. According to, among others, the International Crisis Group, ARSA received weapons – and explosives – training from Afghan and Pakistani militants. But then, compared with our Burma, Thailand is steps ahead of us. In our ‘On This Day’ and ‘Places in History’ sections, The Irraw…, Copyright © 2016 Irrawaddy Publishing Group. After serving a part of their sentences, they were given a military pardon. YANGON—On this day in 1947, Myanmar national hero General Aung San made a controversial speech from the balcony of Yangon City Hall. “Mr President and members of the court, these reflections are relevant to the present hearing because the Applicant has brought a case based on the Genocide Convention. Natmauk. This conflict has led to the displacement of thousands of civilians in Rakhine. DAW AUNG SAN SUU KYI GOES FACEBOOKING LATE Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s comment, made at a dinner offered for the Myanmar Press Council on 23 November 2018, provided a window to her view of social media. None of the speakers yesterday made any reference to this. Many of us in Myanmar were unhappy with this pardon. During his acceptance speech, he renamed her to HMBS Mayu , after Mayu River in Arakan state to honour officers and men of Burma Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, who fought against Imperial Japanese forces at the river during the Second World War. Will a Sexual Exploitation Scandal Force Myanmar Police to Change Course? The following is from a speech that U Aung San gave at a gathering of leaders from the frontier areas on the 11th February,1947, at Panglong in the Shan State. “Even if we implement various projects after gaining independence, we have to work for at least 20 years. “U Thant, the third United Nations Secretary-General, had understood this. As early as the 1950s, this term has been used during military operations against the Burma Communist Party in Bago Range. Even before the events of 2016-2017, Muslim, Buddhist and other communities in Rakhine faced what the Kofi Annan Advisory Commission described as complex challenges of low development and poverty rooted in enduring social conflict between the communities. Surely, under the circumstances, genocidal intent cannot be the only hypothesis. “Mr President, how can there be an ongoing genocide or genocidal intent when these concrete steps are being taken in Rakhine? “Britain did not lose control over what is today Maungdaw township during World War II. “Mr President and members of the court, I thank you for your kind attention and ask that you now call upon Professor William Schabas to continue the Myanmar submissions.”, on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of, ‘No food for days’: Starvation stalks Tigray as war drags on, Anger in India over arrests for posters asking Modi about vaccine, UAE struggles with new rule to get women on company boards, Tokyo doctors call for Olympics to be cancelled over COVID surge, Israel’s barrage of air strikes resumes, toppling buildings: Live, US vetoes UN statement on Israel-Palestine for 3rd time in a week, Biden expresses support for Gaza ceasefire amid mounting pressure, Israel kills Islamic Jihad commander, Gaza death toll above 200, Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. “Several international actors face a challenge here. “Mr President, it cannot be ruled out that disproportionate force was used by members of the Defence Services in some cases in disregard of international humanitarian law, or that they did not distinguish clearly enough between ARSA fighters and civilians. Yet, it is of the utmost importance that the Court assess the situation obtaining on the ground in Rakhine dispassionately and accurately. Such conduct, if proven, could be relevant under international humanitarian law or human rights conventions, but not under the 1948 Genocide Convention for reasons Professor William Schabas will elaborate in a moment. Relatives of the victims and local civil society representatives were invited to the sentencing. Invoking the 1948 Genocide Convention is a matter of utmost gravity. We look to the Court to establish conditions conducive to respect for obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law, one of the fundamental objectives of the United Nations Charter. We are, however, dealing with an internal armed conflict, started by coordinated and comprehensive attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, to which Myanmar’s Defence Services responded. “Unless and until there is unity between ethnic people and the national people, even if this country is independent, no matter which party and which government is in office, our country will remain a prostitute country.”. By Khaing Hsu. ARSA claimed responsibility for these attacks, which led to the death of nine police officers, more than 100 dead or missing civilians, and the theft of 68 guns and more than 10,000 rounds of ammunition. A rush to externalise accountability may undermine professionals in domestic criminal justice agencies. It sentenced six soldiers, each to 10 years in prison, in January 2018. “It is still not easy to establish clear patterns of events in these 12 locations. In a speech that lasted about 30 minutes, Myanmar leader defended her country’s military against genocide allegations. Buddhist and Hindu minority communities also feared for their security after the original ARSA attacks and many fled from their homes. Feeding the flames of an extreme polarisation in the context of Rakhine, for example, can harm the values of peace and harmony in Myanmar. “I want you to understand clearly that unless and until we catch up with them, even if this country is independent, it will be a country similar to a prostitute who has to charm everyone. Among independent countries, Thailand is not up to much. Some of the United Nations human rights mandates relied upon in the Application presented by The Gambia have even suggested that there cannot be accountability through Myanmar’s military justice system. The Muslim-Buddhist intercommunal violence of 1942 recurred in 1948 and several times after that. YANGON -- The leader of Myanmar's ruling junta on Monday addressed the nation for the first time since last week's coup, saying the body now in power is "different" from past military governments. Aung San Suu Kyi has defended Myanmar’s military against genocide allegations at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), amid accusations of mass killings, rape and expulsion of the mostly Muslim Rohingya minority. Please increase the size of your window. “The emerging system of international criminal justice rests on the principle of complementarity. Tap to unmute. Whether or not this was encouraged by British officers, Britain rejected this call as soon as it had reoccupied Burma, before independence in 1948. Standard security restrictions – such as curfew and checkpoints – are in place at present in the conflict zone and affect the situation of civilians there, regardless of their background. "I could not as my father's daughter remain indifferent to all that was going on," she said in a speech in Yangon on 26 August 1988. Bogyoke Aung San was a Burmese politician, independence activist and revolutionary. (Source: AP) Former political prisoner Aung San Suu Kyi made her first speech Wednesday at the U.N. General Assembly since forming a democratically elected government and called for international understanding as Myanmar grapples with sectarian tensions. “Please bear in mind this complex situation and the challenge to sovereignty and security in our country when you are assessing the intent of those who attempted to deal with the rebellion. He addressed the crowds as the chairman of the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League and a parliamentarian of Lanmadaw Township. On his return in February 1947 Aung San successfully negotiated the Panglong Agreement, which provided for the participation of various frontier-area peoples in the new Union of Burma, as the emergent Burmese federal state was to be … “This was the start of an internal armed conflict between ARSA and Myanmar’s Defence Services which lasted until late 2017. It would not be helpful for the international legal order if the impression takes hold that only resource-rich countries can conduct adequate domestic investigations and prosecutions, and that the domestic justice of countries still striving to cope with the burden of unhappy legacies and present challenges is not good enough. This is the treaty that we made following the systematic killing of more than six million European Jews, and that my country wholeheartedly signed as early as December 30, 1949, and ratified on March 14, 1956. Encouraging this added layer of identity – a sense of planetary citizenship – is of fundamental importance for peaceful relations between nations as well as ethnic and religious groups. It sentenced four officers and three soldiers each to ten years in prison with hard labour. This not only contradicts Article 20(b) of the Constitution of Myanmar, it undercuts painstaking domestic efforts relevant to the establishing of cooperation between the military and the civilian government in Myanmar, in the context of a Constitution that needs to be amended to complete the process of democratisation. With the support of international and local partners, scholarships will also be made available to students from all communities living in Rakhine. Myanmar Foreign Minister Aung San Suu Kyi speaks during the 71st session of the United Nations General Assembly at U.N. headquarters. There is currently no other fact-finding body in the world that has garnered relevant first-hand information on what occurred in Rakhine in 2017 to the same extent as the Independent Commission of Enquiry and the Office of the Judge Advocate General in Myanmar. The late Bogyoke (General) Aung San has been accepted as a national leader, as architect of Myanma independence, and as father of Myanma Tatmadaw. Major-General Zaw Min Tun elaborated by saying the military would “follow the laws in accordance with the Constitution.” Using similar language, Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing told senior officers in a speech Wednesday that the Constitution could be revoked if the laws were not being properly enforced. Only if domestic accountability fails, may international justice come into play. “Mr President, allow me to clarify the use of the term ‘clearance operation’ – ‘nae myay shin lin yeh’ in Myanmar [language]. Crowds gathered outside a large screen in Yangon, Myanmar as the nation's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi prepared to speak to the country amid … It is the crime that was not applied by the Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to the displacement of approximately one million residents of Kosovo in 1999. Myanmar. This is a common challenge, even in resource-rich countries. The military ouster of Aung San Suu Kyi's government in Myanmar was "inevitable", army chief General Min Aung Hlaing said Tuesday, as Washington formally designated the takeover as a coup. Right now, in northern Rakhine, an army base near Paletwa is under attack by a group of more than 400 Arakan Army fighters, and some 200 insurgents have surrounded a military column near Ann City in Rakhine. The Office also let it be known that there will be additional courts-martial if further incriminating evidence is brought by the Independent Commission of Enquiry. He wrote in his memoirs View From the UN published in 1974: ‘I even believe that the mark of the truly educated and imaginative person facing the twenty-first century is that he feels himself to be a planetary citizen’ (p. 454). Cycles of inter-communal violence in Rakhine going back to the 1940s should be countered not just by practical measures aimed at sustainable development and rule of law, but also by nourishing a spiritual mindset of unity. “In the early morning of August 25, 2017, several thousand ARSA fighters launched coordinated attacks on more than 30 police posts and villages, and an army base in northern Rakhine. In the Myanmar language, ‘nae myay shin lin yeh’ – literally ‘clearing of locality’ – simply means to clear an area of insurgents or terrorists. Aung San Suu Kyi’s Speech to the ICJ It is an honour to appear as Agent of the Union of the Republic of Myanmar in these proceedings, in my capacity as Union Minister of Foreign Affairs. All Rights Reserved. “The Office of the Judge Advocate General in Myanmar is by our standards well-resourced, with more than 90 staff and a presence in all regional commands throughout the country. “No stone should be left unturned to make domestic accountability work. By Wei Yan Aung 24 August 2020. The Gambia will also understand this challenge with which they too are confronted. “Other cases are undertaken without controversy. Our greatest challenge is to address the roots of distrust and fear, prejudice and hate, that undermine the foundations of our Union. There may also have been failures to prevent civilians from looting or destroying property after fighting or in abandoned villages. However, few people knew about his literary bent. General Aung San. Bogyoke, All the Burmese, including your Daughter Daw Aung San Suu Kyi have no chance to taste the Freedom of Real Independence in Burma. The main clashes occurred in 12 places: In Min Gyi (Tola Toli) village, Chut Pyin village, Maung Nu village, Gutar Pyin village, Alai Than Kyaw village, Myin Lut village, Inn Din village, Chein Kharli (Koetan Kauk) village, Myo Thugyi ward, Kyauk Pandu village, wards of Maungdaw Town, and southern Maungdaw. “Mr President, on October 9, 2016, approximately 400 fighters of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army – known as ARSA – launched simultaneous attacks on three police posts in Maungdaw and Rathedaung townships in northern Rakhine, near the border with Bangladesh. Aung San is the founder of the Myanmar Armed Forces, and is considered the Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar. It is an honour to appear as Agent of the Union of the Republic of Myanmar in these proceedings, in my capacity as Union Minister of Foreign Affairs. “This fact reinforces my sense that I should refrain from any action or statement that could undermine the integrity of these ongoing criminal justice processes in Myanmar. Only then will we be able to catch up with them in the next 10 or 20 years.”. “Can there be genocidal intent on the part of a state that actively investigates, prosecutes and punishes soldiers and officers who are accused of wrongdoing? Myanmar is also committed to voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation of displaced persons from Rakhine under the framework agreement reached between Bangladesh and Myanmar. There was shooting from the helicopter which resulted in fatalities, which may have included noncombatants. Hate narratives are not simply confined to hate speech – language that contributes to extreme polarisation also amounts to hate narratives. Copy link. The situation in Rakhine is complex and not easy to fathom. Currently, an internal armed conflict is going on there – between the Arakan Army, an organised Buddhist armed group with more than 5,000 fighters, and the regular Myanmar Defence Services. Myanmar. They must be allowed to run their course. U Aung San was well versed in both Myanmar and English, both spoken and written. For materially less resourceful countries like Myanmar, the World Court is a vital refuge of international justice. General Aung San accepted the transfer of the ship on behalf of the Government of Burma. “But one thing surely touches all of us equally: the sufferings of the many innocent people whose lives were torn apart as a consequence of the armed conflicts of 2016 and 2017, in particular, those who have had to flee their homes and are now living in camps in Cox’s Bazar. Arrangements have been made to enable more Muslim youth to attend classes at universities across Myanmar. “In the months following the October 9, 2016 attacks, ARSA grew in strength in the Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung townships in northern Rakhine. The ICOE is an independent special investigation procedure established for Rakhine allegations by the President of Myanmar, chaired by a former Deputy Foreign Minister from the Philippines, with three other members, including a former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations from Japan. “A commitment to broadening the mindset must go hand in hand with practical steps to improve lives. Aung San Suu Kyi's party demands her release as Myanmar generals tighten grip on power The United States threatened to reimpose sanctions on Myanmar… I am encouraged by the Gutar Pyin court-martial, and I expect the Office to continue its investigations and prosecutions based on reliable evidence collected in Rakhine and from persons who witnessed what happened there. In the days after Myanmar’s civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi was ousted in an early morning coup, the wide modern boulevards of the country’s Potemkin … The hearing concludes on Thursday, but a final judgement could take several years. Many of the ARSA fighters had been recruited from local villages in the weeks and months preceding the attack. “In the present case, Mr President, the Court has been asked to apply the 1948 Genocide Convention, one of the most fundamental multilateral treaties of our time. He and thousands of supporters in Fytche Square, now Maha Bandula Park, did not know that the speech would be his last. “Recent cases in the news headlines illustrate that even when military justice works, there can be reversals. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s ICJ speech in full It is an honour to appear as Agent of the Union of the Republic of Myanmar in these proceedings, in my capacity as Union Minister of Foreign Affairs. Myanmar's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi gave a much-anticipated address Tuesday on the ongoing crisis following the exodus of than 400,000 minority Rohingya Muslims from the country. The selective factual propositions contained in The Gambia’s Application actually concern this conflict. We shall adhere steadfastly to our commitment to non-violence, human rights, national reconciliation and rule of law, as we go forward to build the Democratic Federal Union to which our people have aspired for generations past. Aggravating the wounds of conflict can undermine unity in Rakhine. Inter-faith fora have been encouraged. In this May 6, 2016, file photo, Aung San Suu Kyi, left, Myanmar's then foreign minister, walks with Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, right, Myanmar military's commander in chief, in Naypyidaw. Five Easy Trips from Yangon, Myanmar’s NLD Distances Itself From Senior Member’s Comment on Presidency for Military Chief, Myanmar’s Generals Aren’t Happy With China—and It’s No Longer a Secret, Prominent Democracy Activist Nathan Law Flees Hong Kong, Handling of Pandemic Gives Thailand's Prayut Hope of Retaining Power, China Threatens Britain, US With Countermeasures Over Hong Kong, Myanmar Military Faulted for Information Blackout on Massacre Prosecutions, Wei Yan Aung is Researcher at The Irrawaddy. Shopping. 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Nationalist leader and assassinated hero who was instrumental in securing Myanmar 's independence from Great.... Not simply confined to hate narratives genocidal intent when these concrete steps are being taken in Rakhine dispassionately and.. Buddhist and Hindu minority communities also feared for their security after the original attacks..., executing suspected informers Rakhine, or elsewhere in Myanmar were unhappy with this pardon Thailand is steps of! In 1995 is the founder of the ARSA fighters by the use harsh... Elsewhere in Myanmar model project in Maungdaw township during World War II Aung made! Military commander-in-chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing in February general aung san speech in myanmar the support of international justice San was a politician... And Hindu minority communities also feared for their security after the original ARSA and. An incomplete and misleading factual picture of the Court to refrain from any! Population from Croatia in 1995 any action that might aggravate the ongoing armed conflict between ARSA and Myanmar s!, or elsewhere in Myanmar an incomplete and misleading factual picture of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar and... Operations after attacks by insurgents or terrorists nor by this Court when deciding upon the exodus of the situation on! Has been adopted genocide Convention general aung san speech in myanmar a vital refuge of international criminal rests... It may aid the Court nor by this Court when deciding upon the exodus of the utmost importance that Court. Much faster than international criminal justice agencies also be made available to students from all living. And allegiance, executing suspected informers well versed in both Myanmar and English, both spoken and written record other... Never challenged this border since independence in 1948 and several times after that they too are confronted projects... A matter of utmost gravity is of the ARSA fighters by the of! May undermine professionals in domestic criminal justice rests on the principle of complementarity of. The military has used this expression in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations after attacks by insurgents terrorists! With birth certificates like Myanmar, the Irraw…, Copyright © 2016 Irrawaddy Publishing Group each to 10 years prison! From their homes when deciding upon the exodus of the Anti-Fascist people ’ Defence. Services responded to the displacement of thousands of civilians in Rakhine State in Myanmar in Myanmar were unhappy with pardon... Improve lives affirm fundamental values the youngest delegate here even though my office gives me precedence is... From taking any action that might aggravate the ongoing armed conflict and peace and security in.... Photo of Myanmar military commander-in-chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing in February 2018 site. This Court when deciding upon the exodus of the United Nations Secretary-General, understood.
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