The "fourth party", as it was nicknamed, was effective at first not so much in damaging the government as in awakening the opposition from the apathy which had fallen upon it after its defeat at the polls; Churchill roused the Conservatives and gave them a fighting issue, by putting himself at the head of the resistance to Bradlaugh, the member for Northampton, who, though an avowed atheist or agnostic, was prepared to take the parliamentary oath. But he resigned suddenly on 20 December 1886. Therefore, he proposed a budget with significant slashes that surprised and annoyed the Conservative MPs. [8] The couple had two sons: Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) John Strange "Jack" Spencer-Churchill (4 February 1880 – 23 February 1947) In January 1875, only about a month after Winston's birth, Randolph made repeated visits for an undisclosed ailment to the family doctor, Dr Oscar Clayton, a specialist in the treatment of syphilis at his London practice at 5, Harley Street. This would be the ostensible cause for his resignation because Salisbury failed to support his Chancellor in cabinet. Rosebery described his old friend and political opponent's death as one of "his nervous system was always tense and highly strung; ...he seems to have had no knowledge of men, no consideration of their feelings, no give and take." He threatens to expose letters from the Prince to Lady Aylesford, so scandalous, so he says, that if they were to be exposed, "the Prince of Wales would never sit on the throne of England.". Lord Randolph started in the autumn of 1894, accompanied by his wife, but the malady made so much progress that he was brought back in haste from Cairo. [23], However, Churchill's most well-known act during his time at the India Office was his role in the invasion and annexation of Burma in the Third Anglo-Burmese War. In April 1889, on the death of Bright, he was asked to come forward as a candidate for the vacant seat in Birmingham, and the result was a rather angry controversy with Chamberlain, terminating in the so-called "Birmingham compact" for the division of representation of the Midland capital between Liberal Unionists and Conservatives. At the conference of the National Union of Conservative Associations, Lord Randolph was nominated chairman, despite the opposition of the parliamentary leaders. Outraged, the Princess goes to see the Queen, who is equally indignant. A split was averted by Lord Randolph's voluntary resignation which he had done his best to engineer; but the episode had confirmed his title to a leading place in the Tory ranks. Lord Randolph's attitude, and the vituperative fluency of his invective, made him a parliamentary figure of some importance before the dissolution of the 1874 parliament, though he was not yet taken quite seriously, owing to his high-pitched hysterical laugh. [5], In 1884 progressive Toryism won out. Winston Churchill’s biography of his father focuses on Lord Randolph's career in Parliament after 1880. In 1883 and 1884 he invaded the Radical stronghold of Birmingham itself, and in the latter year took part in a Conservative garden party at Aston Manor, at which his opponents paid him the compliment of raising a serious riot. It was soon apparent that his powers were undermined by the illness which took his life at the age of 45. [27][28] For the next few years there was some speculation about a return to front-line politics, but Churchill's own career was over. He had a gift for mordant, wounding, sometimes very funny phrases. Lady Rosamund Jane Frances Spencer-Churchill (1851– 3 December 1920), married 12 July 1877 William Fellowes, 2nd Baron de Ramsey, by whom she had issue Lady Fanny Octavia Louise Spencer-Churchill (29 January 1853 – 5 August 1904), married 9 June 1873 Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth, by whom she had issue. Mather noted that "There is no indication that Lady Randolph or her sons were infected with syphilis. But he had never really reconciled himself with some of his colleagues, and there was a good deal of friction in his relations with them, which ended with his sudden resignation on the 20th of December 1886. His rowdy behavior was infectious, rubbing off on friends and contemporaries; he gained a reputation as an enfant terrible. The Centre noted that "There is no indication that Lady Randolph or her sons were infected with syphilis. He would then display his mastery of pleasant irony and banter; for with those playthings he was at his best." Lord Charles Ashley Spencer-Churchill (1856 – 11 March 1858) Lord Augustus Robert Spencer-Churchill (4 July 1858 – 12 May 1859) Lady Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill (10 St James's Square, St James's, London, 14 May 1860 – 9 February 1906), married 4 June 1883 Richard George Penn Curzon, 4th Earl Howe, by whom she had issue. Lord Randolph was not the originator but his campaign of 1884 encouraged the leadership to improve on their designs. His views were largely accepted by the official Conservative leaders in the treatment of the Gladstonian Representation of the People Act 1884. He was fond of amusement, and had carried to Oxford an early taste for sport which be retained throughout life. He was an ardent patron of horse-racing and in 1889, his horse L'Abbesse de Jouarre won The Oaks. His unsuccessful bid for the party leadership was inextricably part of the National Union's attempt to control the party organization. An attempted round-the-world journey failed to cure Lord Randolph of his debilitating illness. He made a series of furious attacks on the Earl of Iddesleigh (Stafford Henry Northcote), R. A. He declared that the Conservatives ought to adopt, rather than oppose, popular reforms, and to challenge the claims of the Liberals to pose as champions of the masses. [12] He had twenty years to live, but suffered from debilitating illness, particularly in his last decade. [citation needed], Despite entering office with a reputation for progressive views on India, Churchill 's tenure was, in the words of the historian and biographer R.F.
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