However, Harutyunyan quickly decided to run before the nationalist wind and on May 28, allowed Armenians to unfurl the red-blue-orange First Armenian Republic flag for the first time in almost 70 years. On July 1, 1985, Gorbachev sidelined his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo and brought Boris Yeltsin into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat. The day commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on 12 June 1990. This marked the beginning of Yeltsin's rebranding as a rebel and rise in popularity as an anti-establishment figure. [119], Doubts remained over whether the Belavezha Accords had legally dissolved the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, this is not the case. [50] Initially the Front had significant visibility because its numerous public actions almost always ended in clashes with the police and the KGB. On May 31, 1989, the 11 members of the Karabakh Committee, who had been imprisoned without trial in Moscow's Matrosskaya Tishina prison, were released, and returned home to a hero's welcome. It is usually not a very political holiday, in the sense that politics are not usually mentioned or discussed. [77] By June 25, the rioting had spread to five other towns near the Caspian Sea. Russian military retaliation against the aliens were met with similar catastrophic results as in other nations, except that the Russians failed to recognize the absolute invulnerability of the aliens' forc… This includes concerts by famous musicians, kids’ activities, and fireworks at night. In Samara enthusiasts reconstructed forces of Minin and Pozharsky in 1612 with Polish–Muscovite War. On June 18, 1989, an estimated 100,000 faithful participated in public religious services in Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine, responding to Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky's call for an international day of prayer. The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. Photographs of the fall of the USSR by photojournalist Alain-Pierre Hovasse, a first-hand witness of these events. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion) was violently dispersed, and nearly 300 people were detained. In the March 26, 1989, elections to the Congress of People's Deputies, 15 of the 46 Moldovan deputies elected for congressional seats in Moscow were supporters of the Nationalist/Democratic movement. A new power struggle emerged between the RSFSR and the Soviet Union. It is noteworthy that the number of citizens who perceive this day as a holiday increased substantially over time. Authorities attempted to disperse the rally in front of Druzhba Stadium. On the front lawn of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, one can see Burganov’s statue of American president John Quincy Adams, who also had served as the first U.S. That had a major impact on how Soviets saw events in their country, and made censorship almost impossible.[51]. You can not think that it arose by itself. On December 26, the Supreme Soviet of Ukrainian SSR adopted a law designating Christmas, Easter, and the Feast of the Holy Trinity official holidays.[48]. May 4 is now a national holiday in Latvia. In 1988, Gorbachev started to lose control of two regions of the Soviet Union, as the Baltic republics were now leaning towards independence, and the Caucasus descended into violence and civil war. On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR adopted a declaration of sovereignty. All offices and many shops and businesses are closed on this day, and public transport runs on a restricted schedule. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed itself the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. [16], On December 26, 1986, 300 Latvian youths gathered in Riga's Cathedral Square and marched down Lenin Avenue toward the Freedom Monument, shouting, "Soviet Russia out! On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those responsible. "Conflict, cleavage, and change in Central Asia and the Caucasus". From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. [129] However, a similar poll conducted in 2016 showed only 35% Ukrainians regretting the Soviet Union collapse and 50% not regretting this. On October 1, 1990, parliament reconvened amid mass protests calling for the resignations of Kravchuk and of Prime Minister Vitaliy Masol, a leftover from the previous régime. Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless. According to the survey of Levada Center in May 2003, 65 percent of the respondents named the holiday as the Independence Day of Russia. Under a subsequent presidential decree on June 16, 1998, the holiday was officially named "Russia Day". The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, which in March had granted autonomy to the Ukrainian Orthodox church headed by the Metropolitan Filaret. At the same time, the number of people who receive the day off from work has declined: In 2005 the figure was 73%, in 2014 it was 60%, and by 2015 it had fallen to 42%.[3][4]. On August 3, it adopted a law on the economic sovereignty of the Ukrainian republic. 3 July 1944 was the day of Soviet liberation of Minsk from the Wehrmacht during the Minsk Offensive (code-named "Bagration"). He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin won 57 percent of the popular vote in the democratic elections, defeating Gorbachev's preferred candidate, Nikolai Ryzhkov, who won 16 percent of the vote. Many simply forget about the centuries-old history of our country, about its path to the assertion of sovereignty. [17], The Popular Front of Lithuania, called Sąjūdis ("Movement"), was founded in May 1988. Security forces confronted the marchers, and several police vehicles were overturned.[17]. [6] On April 23, 1985, Gorbachev brought two protégés, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov, into the Politburo as full members. Guide to the James Hershberg poster collection, Lowering of the Soviet flag on December 25, 1991, Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives, "The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy", 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, Universals of the Ukrainian Central Council, Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state, Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, List of sovereign states by date of formation, Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies, Predictions of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria, Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS, Drafting and ratification of Constitution, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh, Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, State Committee on the State of Emergency, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin, Tennis Academy, named after the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union&oldid=985419776#Fall:_August–December_1991, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing cleanup from August 2020, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2020, Articles that may be too long from August 2020, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Articles needing additional references from December 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Estonian-language text, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 17 September 1991: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, 2 March 1992: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
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