SYNC LAWRENCE DRITSAS It’s the way that Livingstone would have traversed most of these waterways. Some of the most crucial parts of the massacre story are impossible to read. He used a marine sextant to determine the island's longitude and latitude, and so his exact position on the earth. Under the blue light, the ink is absorbing all the light and as a result it appears dark against the background of the newspaper. SYNC WISNICKI But, his legacy would be used as a tool for a new, aggressive kind of European imperialism. Ken Boydston is the chief camera engineer. Wisnicki is interested in Livingstone’s reports of slave trading in the centre of the continent….and wants to know more. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. That’s an error of just less than half a mile. It was like he had come back from the moon or he had come back from Mars and he had been hanging round with Martians. He writes...“Men off to force Kalenga to reason. WISNICKI SYNC This was once a mill, as a child Livingstone and his family lived and worked here. AW: Because there is multiple layers here and I’m really curious as to what lies at the bottom layer and I think among the pages this probably the page that has the biggest chunk missing. Livingstone has gone to the edge of an abyss...The massacre occurs and it forces him to confront the kind of person that he is starting to become and at that moment he turns back. While his public saw him as a saint, the truth was, he struggled with missionary work. He’s kind of the ultimate Victorian macho man. SYNC WISNICKI Researcher: Megan Townley-Wakelin But he was now so close to the traders that they didn’t even care he was witness to the slaughter. Over 150 years ago, Livingstone ventured into a land that westerners called the ‘dark’ heart of Africa… Livingstone and his party travelled the length of the Zambesi river on foot and by canoe. . Livingstone develops his own medicine and pioneers a systematic dosage which helps keep him alive. That was the first time that anyone had seen it in 140 years. As everybody cracks up, the doctor remarks to the camera, "This jungle's full of jokers!" Livingstone’s descriptions of slavery in Africa were brought vividly to life in Britain and America in magic lantern slide shows. Porky and his run across Spencer Tracy as Stanley. But was Livingstone the Victorian hero he’s made out to be? SYNC RUSSELL These field diary pages expose Livingstone’s deepest anxieties. On a second trip financed by the British foreign office, he returned to the Zambesi to prove he could travel the length of the river by steam boat, opening up major trading opportunities. Joanna Lewis of the London School of Economics has investigated African trading networks in the time of Livingstone. The massacre had a huge impact on Livingstone’s personal feelings. This is Livingstone’s private diary, he kept this with him until he died and it was never intended for anyone but Livingstone himself. As light of shorter and shorter wavelengths are shone on the document, the handwriting begins to absorb more and more...until finally - under the shortest wavelengths, blue light, the ink is most absorbent – and dark. He charted large parts of the continent previously unseen by European eyes. Today, in towns like this local herbalists still use the age-old traditions of witch doctors. He needed an effective treatment. SYNC WIZNICKI I moved some movie references that would be better in a book section to the bottom and I also moved a another reference that spanned several movies and a book. And a very different picture of Livingstone begins to appear. ..He didn’t like the sedentary family life, he was not cut out to be a missionary whatsoever. ... catching slaves, or rather free people to be made into slaves. He retreats east to Ujiji, where he meets Stanley. LD - Just twice? In his bid to map a navigable route through Africa Livingstone camped here on his way up river. Get into the Xmas holiday spirit & play Christmas bingo with Santa and friends! FREE Bingo with snow and Christmas and stuff. It's quite shocking. Using quinine and a laxative Livingstone creates a mixture he believed would clear the system of toxic fever. Livingstone first started to publicize the horrors of the slave trade almost 15 years earlier, when he became the first European to cross sub-Saharan Africa. Using a combination of his European medical training and the local African herbal remedies keeps Livingstone on his feet. But just 80 km away near Glasgow, is the David Livingstone Centre. And his accounts prove he was a cartographer of extraordinary skill. The main reason – his failing health. It gives the abolitionists the ammunition they need –and puts the slave trade on the front page of every major newspaper in the civilised world. Victorian explorers had no high tech equipment. ACTUALITY SYNC: At that moment, an altercation breaks out. Associate Producer: Laura Harris He never did find the source of the Nile. Looking at a place like this – we’re looking back and seeing the kind of information he was getting when he was talking to African doctors, er, and learning about what they were using for fever, for diarrhea, for malaria and all these things. His audience was desperate for news…and a US newspaper journalist set out to track him down. As he travels he makes a ground-breaking observation. SYNC WISNICKI SYNC RUSSELL He writes ... “I refuse to send my slaves because they would only add to the confusion and murder, if they go anywhere I must go with them or murder is certain”. Geographers at that time believed that most of the interior of Africa was a desert so the existence of these rivers alone was startling new information. This Zambian city is named after Livingstone. Dr. Sam Livingstone appeared in a Sesame Street sketch in which Ernie and Bert look for him the jungle. He sends his Banian servants – men he knows are capable of murder - to mete out rough justice. Exercises for Sleep Apnea, Snoring, Sinus Pressure & more. Livingstone never wanted to denigrate African medicine – he wanted to see what they did, what was in it, what was in the plants they were using and see if they could actually be combined with Western medicine. As everybody cracks up, the doctor remarks to the camera, "This jungle's full of jokers!". As we change the light and move it towards the green this ink starts to reflect a little more and it starts to have lower contrast and you can’t see it as well. In 1865, he set off in search of the source of one of the greatest rivers on Earth - the river Nile. UPSYNC ON ARCHIVE Line Producer: Peter Guest Aware it could be his last chance, he had to succeed this time. I got the ball rolling on a different page format. He has lost the ability to function because of what he witnessed in the massacre. UP SYNC ON ARCHIVE This cleaned up version of events focuses attention not on Livingstone, but on his account of the horrifying massacre. This is certainly what er, Stanley, er, writes and very much presents Livingstone as having to look at this atrocity that was so unspeakable - Livingstone described it as being in hell…..this, er, horrendous event which he can do nothing about. Ernie's sole aim in the expedition is to be able to ask the good doctor Bugs Bunny's trademark query, "What's up, doc?" He gives up on his dream of finding the source of the Nile and of regaining his great reputation as an explorer. On earlier expeditions, when Livingstone travelled along these same river banks, he recorded suffering from malaria dozens of times. SYNC RUSSELL On his first two expeditions, he had searched for a navigable highway into the interior – but failed. While the traders and villagers are able to endure the harsh conditions, Livingstone is plagued by tropical diseases. And, there’s another passage in the field diary that exposes how far he has come to acting like the slave traders in the build-up to the massacre. He sends for new men, and 10 freed slaves, he calls his Banian servants, arrive. Follow in the footsteps of the great explorers, Henry Morton Stanley and Doctor David Livingstone, to reconstruct one of the defining moments of the era. But Kalenga double crosses Livingstone. But - whatever his methods – he was successful in bringing an end to the slave trade, beginning a new era in history. The question was - where was the field diary that corresponded to the massacre? To discover the truth about what happened at Nyangwe, the team begins a scientific collaboration that will last for 6 months. …quite innocently then he gets caught up in fighting, shots being fired, people panic, women struggle to get to the shore, get to their canoes - and many, many drown.... SYNC LEWIS It would be his last. As you get to the red it reflects a lot of light and it’s practically gone – and in the infrared which the eye can’t see but the camera can it’s gone completely. SYNC WISNICKI Among the relics…are the missing pages When this story starts to circulate, it’s no longer an abstract issue – it is so real, it is so vivid, it is so graphic it is a game changer as far as actually getting government intervention on the ground. Ivory, in parts of Central Africa, is only 50 cents a pound – take it to the coast and it’s worth about 50….60 dollars, so ‘kerching’ !! Production Coordinator: Louise Weston The Banians may once have been slaves, but as freed men, they are far from victims. So what we want to do is raise the sextant up and first of all look for a horizon line, then we bring the arm forward like this and you can see the mirror angle changing and what I am seeing looking through here is it looks like the Sun is actually coming down until it settles on the horizon, which is roughly about there…and you read off here your degrees, minutes and seconds. In 1865, he returns to Africa – ‘the white man’s grave’ – a third time. These tattered sheets reveal that while at Nyangwe, Livingstone had no writing paper. One of the most powerful slave traders of the region, Dugumbe, is in town. To recover Livingstone’s faded diary entries, the team uses hi tech LED light panels to shine different colours or wavelengths of light onto the documents. Livingstone had a particular way of recording his experiences. SYNC LEWIS This dotted line marks the short cut locals had earlier recommended he take around the Cabora Basa Gorge. “Stanley…” …provoked the British government to step in and stop the slave trade. So what we are sitting in here is a traditional dug-out canoe or mokoro as it’s called in these parts, made out of a hollowed out tree trunk and it’s a very effective way to travel. The fact that they can’t be changed, that their fundamental character remains the same is troubling for Livingstone as a committed abolitionist. So troubling, Livingstone removes the word ‘murder’ from the published version of events. This would be the basis for his published books. Drama Director of Photography: Nic Hofmeyer
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