Skip to next paragraph. writing of a new constitution, promulgated in 1988, and Brazil's first free presidential elections in 30 years.
For a treatment of the country in its regional context, see Latin America, history of. [189] The south enjoys subtropical conditions, with cool winters and average annual temperatures not exceeding 18 °C (64.4 °F);[191] winter frosts and snowfall are not rare in the highest areas. [337], Brazil received an International Monetary Fund (IMF) rescue package in mid-2002 of $30.4 billion,[338] a record sum at the time. Besides the widely accepted view of Cabral's discovery, some say that it was Duarte Pacheco Pereira between November and December 1498[9][10] and some others say that it was first encountered by Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, a Spanish navigator who had accompanied Columbus in his first voyage of discovery to the Americas, having supposedly arrived in today's Pernambuco region on 26 January 1500 but was unable to claim the land because of the Treaty of Tordesillas. Charles Miller, a leading player in England, came to Brazil in 1894 and introduced football in São Paulo; that city’s athletic club was the first to take up the sport.…, Internationally, Brazil became the greatest symbol of individualistic, flowing football. 105, 145. Africa before returning to Brazil. Pedro II started a more-or-less parliamentary reign which lasted until 1889, when he was ousted by a coup d'état which instituted the republic in Brazil. [43], Some of the earliest human remains found in the Americas, Luzia Woman, were found in the area of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais and provide evidence of human habitation going back at least 11,000 years. https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Brazil, history of Latin America: Expanding role of the state, history of Latin America: World war and world trade, history of Latin America: Capitalism and social transitions, history of Latin America: Brazil after 1700, Latin American architecture: Ouro Prêto: Brazilian Baroque architecture in the 18th century, Latin American architecture: Architecture of the new independent republics, c. 1810–70, Paraguay: Paraguay’s conflicts with its neighbours, Uruguay: The struggle for national identity, South Africa: Growth of the colonial economy, South Africa: The Delagoa Bay slave trade, western Africa: The rise of the Atlantic slave trade. A series of regents ruled until 1840, when the second Pedro was 14 and Parliament decreed him "of age.". [20] The discovery of gold in the area caused a huge influx of European immigrants and the government decided to bring in bureaucrats from Portugal to control operations. [160], The peaceful transition of power from Cardoso to his main opposition leader, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2006), was seen as proof that Brazil had achieved a long-sought political stability. Europeans arrived in Brazil at the opening of the 16th century. Externally, after a relative isolation during the first half of the 1930s due to the effects of the 1929 Crisis, in the second half of the 1930s there was a rapprochement with the fascist regimes of Italy and Germany.
[347], Brazil also has a large cooperative sector that provides 50% of the food in the country. tanks and technocrats, the military brought about the "economic miracle" of the 1970s.
However, it did not last.
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