Attached please find the final report for audit of EarthScope San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) expenditures for the period September 1, 2003 to March 31, 2009. The fault zone lies in SAFOD's long-term monitoring activities will include detailed seismological observations of small to moderate earthquakes and continuous measurements of rock deformation and other parameters during the earthquake cycle. We illustrate the application of both methods using the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) main hole, in which a fiber is installed. Samples were extracted from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth drill core at a depth of 2.7 km. [2] The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) project is being conducted to study the physical and chemical processes controlling faulting and earthquake generation within a major plate-bounding fault [e.g., Hickman et al., 2004]. [3] This data, along with samples collected during drilling, could shed new light on geochemical and mechanical properties around the fault zone. The pilot project has provided both engineering and scientific data to guide the current SAFOD project to its goal of precisely drilling into the fault-zone where small, M2, earthquakes repeat on a regular schedule. We compare our suggested approach to a conventional VSP experiment conducted with downhole geophones and a regional model of the area obtained from sur-face seismic surveys. earthquake generation within a seismically active fault. San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Support for the current SAFOD management project is provided by the NSF's EarthScope program (EAR-1348121). More information and daily news from the drilling can be found at the ICDP SAFOD website. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Abstract: The main drill hole of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth successfully penetrated the fault in the summer of 2005, setting the stage for the deployment of a multi-component earthquake observatory within the core of this major plate boundary fault. SAFOD Overview - 9:00 In 2004, work began just north of Parkfield on the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The goal of SAFOD is to drill a hole nearly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) into the Earth's crust and into the San Andreas Fault. A multiscale study of the mechanisms controlling shear velocity anisotropy in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Naomi L. Boness1 and Mark D. Zoback2 ABSTRACT [1][2] The site consists of a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) pilot hole and a 3.2 km (2.0 mi) main hole. Stresses were derived from lattice distortions observed on Laue diffraction images. SAFOD is funded by NSF as part of an ambitious scientific initiative called EarthScope. The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AC86A. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a 3-kilometer deep borehole across the San Andreas fault located midway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, near the town of Parkfield, California. This pilot project was funded by International Continental Drilling Program, with considerable logistical and scientific help from the NSF, and USGS. 1). SUBJECT: Audit of EarthScope San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Expenditures Report No. a cataclasite from the damage zone of the San Andreas fault, Cali-fornia (USA). Third, we reevaluate the state of stress on the San Andreas Fault in light of new constraints imposed by SAFOD borehole data. This work is part of the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program's ongoing efforts to protect people's lives and property from the earthquakes that are inevitable in California and elsewhere in the United States. FDSN is a global organization supporting seismology research. These … Support for scientific studies using SAFOD and the other EarthScope facilities will come through programs within NSF, USGS, NASA, and several foreign countries. Core samples retrieved from these active strands consist of a foliated, Mg-clay-rich gouge containing porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rock. Fault-zone rocks and fluids will be retrieved for laboratory analyses, and geophysical measurments will be made within the active fault zone. [4] Data collected at SAFOD are available from The Northern California Earthquake Data Center at U.C. gouge extracted from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) phase 1 core samples and from weak minerals associated with the San Andreas Fault. Geophysical logs, cuttings data, and drilling data from the region 3‐ to 4‐km measured depth of the borehole encompass the active part of the San Andreas Fault. SAFOD is part of Earthscope, an Earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure of the North American continent and to understand the origin of earthquakes and volcanoes. The other elements of EarthScope include USArray, and the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO). FDSN code: SF Network name: San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Earthscope is funded by the National Science Foundation in conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey and NASA. Based on microstructural studies of rock samples collected from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (California), we propose that pressure solution creep, a pervasive deformation mechanism, can account for aseismic creep. drill hole location in relation to slip rate, International Continental Drilling Program. A 2.2-km-deep vertical pilot hole was drilled adjacent to the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield in the summer of 2002. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) northwest of Parkfield, California (Figure 1a) is part of the EarthScope project and provides in situ data on fault zone properties and materials through a range of scales at a true vertical depth of almost 3 km. A multiscale study of the mechanisms controlling shear velocity anisotropy in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Boness, Naomi L.; Zoback, Mark D. Abstract. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a research project that began in 2002 aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of predicting and analyzing future earthquakes. These stresses are distributed nonhomogeneously at the micron scale Although it is often proposed that high pore fluid pressure exists within the San Andreas Fault Zone at depth and that variations in pore pressure strongly In 2005, the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled through the San Andreas Fault zone at a depth of about 3.1 km. Located near the town of Parkfield, California, the project has installed geophone sensors and GPS clocks in a borehole that cuts directly through the fault. A project called the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) near Parkfield, Monterey County, is drilling into the fault to improve prediction and recording of future earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was a 3.1-kilometer deep borehole drilled directly into the San Andreas Fault midway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, near Parkfield, CA. Drilling the hole for SAFOD starts west of the San Andreas Fault and then use advanced directional-drilling technology developed by the petroleum industry to angle the hole through the entire fault zone until relatively undisturbed rock is reached on the east side. With additional support from the USGS and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), we have obtained over 30m of core from active deforming sections of the San Andreas Fault. The primary component of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a 3-km-deep deviated borehole that crosses the San Andreas fault zone in central California (Hickman et al., 2004, 2005) (Fig. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is one of three components of the Earthscope Project, funded by the National Science Foundation in conjunction with the USGS and NASA. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) scientific borehole near Parkfield, California crosses two actively creeping shear zones at a depth of 2.7 km. Building on more than 15 years of experience from the Parkfield Earthquake Experiment, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the USGS started in June 2004 to drill a deep hole in order to install instruments directly within the San Andreas Fault Zone near the initiation point of previous magnitude 6 Parkfield earthquakes (drill hole location in relation to slip rate). Located near the town of Parkfield, California, the project has installed geophone sensors and GPS clocks in a borehole that cuts directly throu… This project will directly reveal, for the first time, the physical and chemical processes controlling By observing quakes "up close," SAFOD will mark a major advance in the pursuit of a rigorous scientific basis for assessing earthquake hazards and predicting earthquakes. SAFOD also will provide direct knowledge of the stress conditions under which earthquakes initiate and propagate. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole is located near Parkfield, California at the southern end of the central creeping section of the SAF, situated ∼25 km to the northwest of the 2004 M w 6.0 Parkfield earthquake epicenter ().The borehole penetrates Salinian granite and arkosic sandstone of the Pacific Plate to the west, crosses the fault proper at 2.7 km depth… The cooperative efforts of USGS and other scientists in the Parkfield Earthquake Experiment and SAFOD will help achieve a better understanding of what happens on and near a fault during the earthquake cycle and will aid in predicting the time and severity of future quakes. properties of fault‐related rocks within the San Andreas Fault as determined from data from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth borehole. Pure talc (m 0.1) had the lowest strength considered and was Prior funding for the SAFOD project was also provided by EarthScope (EAR-0323938), with additional support from the USGS, the ICDP, Stanford University, and NASA. within the San Andreas and other major plate-bounding faults remain unanswered. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a research project that began in 2002 aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of predicting and analyzing future earthquakes. Schematic representation of the SAFOD borehole and pilot hole, "Stanford, U.S. Geological Survey team up to get inside scoop on quake zone San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth will permit researchers to collect temblor data 2.4 miles below surface of Earth", "SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth)", Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, "Overview of SAFOD Phases 1 and 2: Drilling, sampling and measurements in the San Andreas Fault zone at seismogenic depth", "Injection-induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site, Germany", "ICDP – International Continental Scientific Drilling Program", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Andreas_Fault_Observatory_at_Depth&oldid=1017954275, Seismological observatories, organisations and projects, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 April 2021, at 14:39. The site consists of a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) pilot hole and a 3.2 km (2.0 mi) main hole. Numer-ous questions about fault behavior, structure, composition, physical properties, and fl uid-rock The borehole has subsequently been instrumented with high-frequency geophones in order to better constrain locations and source processes of nearby microearthquakes that will be targeted in the upcoming phase of SAFOD. 1). Resources About ADS Berkeley and at the IRIS DMC. Drilling operations ceased in 2007. These systems capitalize on recent developments in sensor technology and communications to An array of sensors will be installed to record earthquakes that happen near this area. SAFOD will provide direct information on the composition and mechanical properties of rocks in the fault zone, the nature of stresses responsible for earthquakes, the role of fluids in controlling faulting and earthquake recurrence, and the physics of earthquake initiation and rupture. 13-1-005 . The primary component of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a 3-km-deep deviated borehole that crosses the San Andreas fault zone in central California (Hickman et al., 2004, 2005) (Fig. Scientists launch San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Despite tremendous technological advances in earthquake seismology, many fundamental mysteries remain. SAFOD is located 9 km NW of Parkfield, California, and penetrates a section of the fault The PBO is a network of deformation sensors (GPS and strainmeters) for the western United States similar to that deployed at Parkfield. areas. means of geodetic systems; and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) that defines the conditions and physics of an active plate boundary fault at depth. The washed and ultrasonically cleaned samples show slickenfiber striations and thin … The SAFOD site is located just north of the town of Parkfield, California. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a research project aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of … Building on more than 15 years of experience from the Parkfield Earthquake Experiment, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the USGS started in June 2004 to drill a deep hole in order to install instruments directly within the San Andreas Fault Zone near the initiation point of previous magnitude 6 Parkfield earthquakes (drill hole location in relation to slip rate). 2. SAFOD is one component of the EarthScope Major Research Initiative funded by the National Science Foundations (NSF) . It is San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth. These instruments, set 2 to 3 km beneath the Earth's surface, will form a San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth listed as SAFOD San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - How is San Andreas Fault Observatory at … The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a deep borehole observatory that will directly measure the physical conditions under which plate boundary earthquakes occur. The central scientifi c objective of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is to study directly the physical and chemical processes that control deformation and earthquake generation within an active plate-bounding fault zone. [3] Drilling operations ceased in 2007. Currently, it is believed that the modern San Andreas will eventually transfer its motion toward a fault within the Eastern California Shear Zone. USArray consists of a large transportable broadband seismic array, augmented by smaller seismic arrays and coordinated with the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). 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