They were appointed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council. Their arrest and reporting sharply divided public opinion. Subir Bhaumick, ‘Chinese Weapons for Arakan Army through Bangladesh’, Northeast Now, 22 April 2020, Available from: Jaideep Chanda, ‘Myanmar’s Rakhine Conflict Threatens Regional Peace – Analysis’, Eurasiareview News & Analysis, 24 March 2020, Available from: Jaideep Chanda, ‘Riverine Warfare: Emerging Trend in the Rakhine Conflict in Myanmar’, ‘, 27 January 2020, Available from: AngshumanChoudhury, ‘Decoding the Arakan Army: Understanding the Myanmar State’s Response’, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 12 April 2019. According to the statement on AA’s official website, “The main objective of the Arakan Army (AA) is to defend the Fatherland of Arakan and to protect all peoples of Arakan. Mon Community Leaders Building Drug-Treatment Center for Youth. Arakan.News is a citizen based informational center and service that focuses on conflicts, wars, human rights, IDP, politics, social, economics, education, health, communication, and transportation in Arakan (Rakhine) State, Myanmar. From the adoption of modern arms and ammunition in its guerrilla warfare and use of the riverine terrain to its own advantage to advance the techniques in riverine warfare, the AA is giving a tough fight to the Tatmadaw. Having a degree of support of local public and some international diaspora, the AA emerged from merely a group of 20 recruits in its foundation year (2009), to a force consisting of 7000 to 10000 at present. In Chin State, at an average, six out of ten people are poor, while in Rakhine State, four out of ten people are poor.8 It has been recorded that the Rakhine State (along with Chin State) have been left out of the convergence process of growth and development reported in other States. The Arakan Army does not cite religion as a factor in its insurgency. Media adviser U Sein Win from Internews Myanmar said that the international community’s knowledge of Rakhine State was mostly limited to issues relating to the Rohingya, adding that global audiences were largely ignorant of the ethnic Arakanese (another term for Rakhine). The issue, however, with such attacks is that it does not distinguish between civilians and the targeted group. There are practices of forced labour being reported, theft of civilian property, and some more grave war crimes.19 The C-in-C of AA, in his speech on 10 April 2020, also raised concerns about the reports of disciplinary violations and misuse of the power by individuals in reputed positions for personal gains. The 11th Anniversary Day speech by self-designated Commander in Chief (C-in-C), Major General Twan Mrat Naing reiterated the motivations and aspirations of the AA and the Arakanese people to continue their struggle towards the liberation and adopt the “Way of Rakhita”.2 The “Way of Rakhita” is an attempt to rekindle memories of the once-powerful Arakan Kingdom, which was defeated by the Bamar Konbaung dynasty in 1784, and motivate the Arakan people and the AA soldiers.3 In his speech the Twan Mrat Naing said, “We are not only engaged in the ground battles but contesting each battlefront such as informational intelligence field, the frontline of psychological warfare, organising operations, legitimacy, and international law, and the diplomatic field from which our struggle can receive international support and good perception.”4. On 10 April 2009, the separatist Arakan Army (AA) established itself as a “revolutionary armed organisation” in Myanmar. However, that was not to be and there was not much social or political engagement in the Rakhine State. Amnesty International, ‘No One Can Protect Us: War Crimes and Abuses in Myanmar’s Rakhine State’, Amnesty International, 2019, Available from: MyatThura, Sit Thet Aung, ‘Myanmar govt declare AA as a terrorist group’, Myanmar Times, 23 March 2020, Available from:https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-govt-declares-arakan-army-terrorist-group.html. Religions in Arakan (Paper presented at the Arakanese History and Religion Seminar, London, August 2009) Khin Maung Saw Introduction: Among the 7 Union States of Burma the Rakhine State or the Arakan is the immediate neighbour of the subcontinent. Buddhist Violence Portends New Threat to Myanmar. The land of Arakan belongs to the people of Arakan. Till 2015, it operated in Kachin and Shan States under the guidance of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) with headquarters in Laiza. It’s true that the majority of Rakhine people are Buddhists. The highway is part of India’s ambitious Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project (KMMTTP), which was conceived in 2008. The doctrine was designed to block the insurgents’ access to key inputs: funding, food, intelligence, and recruits. It needs to be asked why Reuters chose to use a religious term in reference to the ethnic Rakhine. The difference is in the religion, culture, and heritage. China’s Belt and Road Initiative—A Bargaining Chip for Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Copy link. Arakan News is run by a Think-Tank group comprised with … Should India mediate in the Israel-Palestine dispute? He told The Irrawaddy that using religious references in conflict reporting could spark problems. It is an online publication of news, articles, and documents. The severe fighting between the AA and Tatmadaw in Rakhine and Chin States since January 2019 has not only caused instability, insecurity and casualties. The Arakan Army’s grievance is that the two million Arakanese Buddhists are being discriminated against by mainstream Bamar Buddhists ensconced in power in the national capital, Yangon. The Arakan Army invites all Arakanese to join in our national struggle to accomplish our long desired mission we are in; to bind up nation’s wounds; to make the promise of our … The consignment landed in Monakhali beach near Whaikyang on 21 February 2020 and reached the AA camp at Sandak (Mro) near Thanchi in Bangladesh on 2 March 2020. It is an online publication of news, articles, and documents. 8 January 2019. They have also reported the Tatmadaw’s fighting and possible use of heavy weapons near ethnic Rakhine and Rohingya villages, as reported by credible reports.18. Yanghee Lee, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Cecilia Jimenez-Damary, Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, David Kaye, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and Fernand de Varennes, Special Rapporteur on minority issues. He added that an agency was within its rights to use religious descriptions in reports when they appear as part of a name, such as the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA). “When we talk about the peace process, we are very far from sustainable peace,” said Arkar Maung, a 21-year-old university student in the state’s central Myebon township. 14 The Tatmadaw has deployed a large force and uses air and artillery strikes against the AA. YANGON—Bowing to public pressure, soon after publishing a report on the deadly Jan. 4 attacks by the Arakan Army (AA) in Rakhine State, Reuters news agency removed the word “Buddhist” from the story’s headline and lead paragraph. The Arakan Army (AA) is one of the four members of the Northern Alliance – a coalition that emerged in November 2016 during a joint offensive … An Arakan Army drill near Laiza, Kachin State, close to the border with China, where the Arakan Army was established in 2009. There are also reports which suggest that they acquire their weapons from the black market, for instance, US-made M 60 machine and Barrett MRAD sniper rifles which were shown in the video commemorating the ninth anniversary of the AA’s formation in April 2018.22 A recent report suggests that a consignment of 500 assault rifles, 30 Universal Machine Guns, 70,000 rounds of ammunition, and a large stock of grenades was transported through Bangladesh’s the Chittagong Hill Tracts to Paletwa. How the Arakan Army Became Myanmar’s Deadliest Insurgency. Concerns have also been raised as the country grapples with increasing COVID-19 cases, and the Tatmadaw is intensifying its military operations after shutting down communication channels, including media, mobile internet, transportation of medicines and food in the Arakan region. Concurrently the Central Committee for Counter-Terrorism (CCCT) accused the AA of torture and killing village officials, civil servants, and innocent civilians and declared the outfit as a terrorist organisation.20. 33. In addition to this, downward riverine stretch from Paletwa on the Kaladaan river crosses the area, which is now under increasing domination of the AA.29 It is in India’s interest to ensure peace in the region for the successful implementation of the KMMTTP. To protect our ancestral land is the price of our freedom. In this attack, a Captain and two soldiers of Tatmadaw were killed, and the AA took four Tatmadaw soldiers as prisoners.13 The Government has refused to recognise the AA in the 2015 Nationwide Ceasefire Accord (NCA) as an Ethnic Armed Organisation (EAO), and since then there have been numerous attacks from both sides as well as heavy casualties. According to HRC Mission report, the Tatmadaw used massive force resulting in loss of civilian lives as well as damage to civilian property such as schools and monuments of cultural heritage.17 These attacks by the Tatmadaw have indirectly helped AA gather local support for its cause due to severe damage done to the civilians. 23, In addition to this, the AA has taken advantage of the riverine terrain of the Kaladaan and Mayu rivers to attack and hijack transport and passenger vessels. Despite being a revolutionary organization, we strictly comply with laws of war. The cultural agenda, which has been one of the critical campaign tools used by the AA to adopt the “Way of Rakhita” and to achieve “Arakan Dream 2020” i.e, self-determination by 2020 has helped it achieve support from various sections of the society.27, Sharing the border length of 1643 km, India has a massive interest in the peace and security of the Myanmar region. The UN Human Rights experts have also raised concerns over Myanmar Government’s move impacting the right to freedom of expression, information, participation, and also including the right to health, food, shelter, and education. 8 January 2019. As the third agenda, the C-in-C emphasised on establishing public relations as one of the essential tasks in this long struggle. Martin Smith, ‘Arakan (Rakhine State) A Land in Conflict on Myanmar’s Western Frontier’, Transnational Institute, December 2019, Amsterdam. The “Greater Arakan” has been documented to be 50 per cent larger than the area today, with the territories of Arakan Hill Tract in the present-day Chin State and much more included in it. The AA has made efforts to discredit Tatmadaw by creating awareness through various communication channels such as posting on their official websites, social media sites like Twitter and the like. In its reports on other armed groups in Myanmar, it simply refers to, for example, the KIA as “Kachin rebels” and to the KNU as “Karen rebels”, rather than calling them “Christian Kachin rebels” or “Christian Karen rebels.” For example, a Reuters report on the death of 23 cadets killed by Myanmar Army artillery fire on a KIA training camp in 2014 referred to “Kachin rebels” in the headline, without specifying their religion. A government spokesman did not answer calls seeking comment. According to the statement on AA’s official website, “The main objective of the Arakan Army (AA) is to defend the Fatherland of Arakan and to protect all peoples of Arakan. The Kabul Attack: The Beginning of the Afghan Government’s fallout? The Indian Government intervened immediately and ensured the release of all five Indian nationals (including one Indian who died in AA’s custody due to heart attack) within 24 hours. India needs to act as a mediator to resolve the crises escalating in the region for the overall security and peace in the neighbourhood. Politically, it is a member of the Federal Political Negotiations and Consultative Committee (FPNCC), a group of seven Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAO) in Northeast Myanmar. Therefore, in accordance with international humanitarian laws we are taking care of prisoners of war, who were captured in … 6, The AA aims to revive the lost glory of the Arakan soldiers and its people, who have felt socially, politically as well as economically alienated in the hands of the Bamar people. Set up in 2009 by a small group of young ethnic nationalists, the Arakan Army has been going from strength to strength in recent years.Yet the rise of an armed insurgency among indigenous Buddhists who predominantly live in villages on remote mountainous terrain has been largely overshadowed by the Burmese army’s coordinated offensives against Muslim Rohingya … 2. Rohingya are the descendants of Muslim traders who settled centuries ago in western Myanmar. Deepening Divergences in Japan and South Korea Relations. He assumed that Reuters had emphasized “Buddhist” in the headline in order to avoid confusion with the Rohingya, but said that as the conflict is not a religious one, the news agency should not have used the term in that way. The AA’s coordinated attacks on four border police outposts in northern Rakhine State’s strifetorn Buthidaung Township left 13 Border Guard Police officers and three AA fighters dead. Though the conflict between the Arakanese rebels and the government is essentially political, Reuters’ headline used religious terminology. The Konbaung ruler led a violent invasion leading to massive loss of lives and humiliation to the Arakanese people for a period from 1784 to 1824. Info. 8 January 2019 . Following this attack, Myanmar Government directed the military to carry out counter-insurgency (CI) operations on 7 January 2019, and since then, the clashes have intensified. Yangon (AsiaNews) – The intensifying conflict in the western state of Rakhine between the Myanmar army and the mostly Buddhist Arakan Army (AA), often in … 1 No. Depuis le coup d'État militaire du 1er février en Birmanie, la situation est pour le moins confuse en Arakan. The conflict is the latest crisis facing Nobel laureate Suu Kyi's administration, … She can be reached at cchavivasisht@gmail.com, Your email address will not be published. The Arakan Army, active since 2009 ... "If not, others would point out that ARSA was cracked down on because it's from a different religion and AA was not because it is an ethnic group," he said. In more than a decade, the AA which views itself as fighting for the rights and freedom of the Rakhine people and preservation of the Rakhine culture and way of life has come a long way. It’s true that the majority of Rakhine people are Buddhists. 10 The arrest of the former ANP leader, Dr Aye Maung, and his sentencing to 20 years imprisonment for treason in March 2019 has been one of the reasons for increasing tensions.11 In this background, where there was a lack of political agency to voice their concerns, the AA chief Twan MratNaing stated that the political objective of AA is to obtain confederate status for the Rakhine State, on the lines of Wa State.12. The Arakan army firmly believed that we have the will and wisdom to apply ourselves in exciting tests of rebuilding our society and prosperous future . To gain from this opportunity, the leader of the separatist AA issued a directive in December 2019 seeking to levy taxation on this highway. India shares a cordial relationship with the Tatmadaw, and the Tatmadaw has been collaborating with the Indian Army to deny the AA escape routes and safe havens in India. However, for lasting peace, it is crucial for the Myanmar Government to come to a Modus Vivendi with the AA and address the concerns of the Rakhine people. In its reporting on fighting between the AA and the Myanmar Army, Al Jazeera has used terms like “Buddhist Rebels” and “Buddhist groups.”. How the Arakan Army Became Myanmar’s Deadliest Insurgency - YouTube. Despite Tatmadaw’s relatively higher strike capacity and more robust force capability, it has suffered damages since 2018, in the form of ambushes, landmine hits, high-rank fatalities, the capture of troops as Prisoners of War (POWs), seizure of weapons and other military accessories.26 In the latest fighting in March 2020, a Tatmadaw Battalion was overrun and the Commanding Officer and over 30 soldiers apprehended by the AA, causing major embarrassment to the Myanmar Government and the Tatmadaw. Kyaw Linn, ‘Way of Rakhita: dream or nightmare?’, Asia Times, 28 February 2019, Available from: Anthony Davis, ‘Myanmar war killing India’s Act East dream’, Asia Times, 20 March 2020, Available from: Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Government of India secures release of Five Indian Nationals abducted in Myanmar’, Press Information Bureau, 05 November 2019, Available from: SubirBhowmick, ‘Zoramthanga got National League for Democracy MP from Myanmar released rom the Arakan Army’s Captivity, Northeast Now, 29 January 2020, Available from: SubirBhowmick, ‘India’s Rakhine Dilemma’, Northeast Now, 16 April 2020, Available from: Jaideep Chanda, ‘Tatmadaw Day 27 March 2020: Things that the Myanmar Armed Forces must do to remain credible and relevant’, Vivekananda International Foundation, 27 March 2020. But it is Reuters that has attracted the most attention from local netizens, as the agency has been under public scrutiny in Myanmar since last year’s arrest of two local reporters who covered a mass killing of Rohingya in Rakhine. The Three Brotherhood Alliance consists of three members of the Northern Alliance except the KIA. The presence of the Arakan Army in Arakan is to give peace, stability, security, freedom, justice and development to all peoples of Arakan irrespective of sex, race, religion and political belief.”5 The objective justifies its efforts to work towards self-determination, equality, and justice for the Arakan people, who have faced discrimination and alienation for centuries, as elaborated in the next section. However, the feeling of humiliation started in the 18th century when the Konbaung King Bodawpaya overthrew the last Arakan King Thamada. Therefore, the Indian Government must ensure that there is peace in the neighbouring region, which can be achieved with due consideration of the interests of the Rakhine people. In its operations, the AA uses both conventional and non-conventional tools. Analysis: Arakan Army - A Powerful New Threat to the Tatmadaw. The Arakan Army claimed that six Burmese soldiers were captured as prisoners of war in this raid. Though the conflict between the Arakanese rebels and the government is essentially political, Reuters’ headline used religious terminology. Use of such strong-arm tactics is widespread in the Rakhine State as has been documented by the Human Rights Council (HRC) Mission. Share. Their actions, such as attacking the Myanmar naval boats near Mayu river bank or abducting the speed boats in which Chin Member of Parliament was travelling on 3 November 2019, highlight their strategy to push the Myanmar Navy out of the area and attain ‘riverine dominance.’25. Copyright © 2016 Irrawaddy Publishing Group. The Arakan Army is led by a popular General Twan Hrat Naing and it is supported by over 95 percent of the population. Editorial Team & Policies | The Kootneeti, India has a massive interest in the peace and security of the Myanmar, https://www.arakanarmy.net/post/speech-by-commander-in-chief-at-11th-anniversary-day-of-arakan-army, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-arakan-army-and-the-storm-of-the-revolution, https://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/Sitrep_Myanmar_Economic_Bulletin_2018_v1.1_MDI.pdf, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/myanmar/publication/poverty-report-myanmar-living-conditions-survey-2017, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/breaking-the-deadlock-in-rakhine, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/aye-maung-wai-hin-aung-handed-20-year-sentences-for-high-treason, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/confederation-option-arakanese-people-aa-chief-says.html, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/fighting-reported-between-govt-and-arakan-army.html, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b154-new-dimension-violence-myanmars-rakhine-state, http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=5578, https://asiatimes.com/2017/07/four-cuts-strategy-deepens-myanmars-war-wounds/, https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1057651, https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA1604172019ENGLISH.PDF, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/myanmar-military-steps-attacks-coronavirus-spreads-200416060255091.html, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/analysis-arakan-army-powerful-new-threat-tatmadaw.html, https://nenow.in/neighbour/bangladesh/chinese-weapons-for-arakan-army-through-bangladesh.html, https://www.eurasiareview.com/24032020-myanmars-rakhine-conflict-threatens-regional-peace-analysis/, http://kalingainternational.com/Jaideep-Chanda.html, https://asiatimes.com/2019/02/way-of-rakhita-dream-or-nightmare/, https://asiatimes.com/2020/03/myanmar-war-killing-indias-act-east-dream/, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1590382, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/zoramthanga-got-nld-mp-released.html, https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/indian-politician-claims-credit-nld-mp-release, https://nenow.in/neighbour/china/indias-rakhine-dilemma.html, https://www.vifindia.org/2020/march/27/tatmadaw-day-27-march-2020-things-that-the-myanmar-armed-forces, Smart Governance in a Smart Nation: Singapore’s Economy. 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