In 1944, Douglas voted with the majority to uphold the wartime internment of Japanese Americans, in Korematsu v. United States but, over the course of his career, he grew to become a leading advocate of individual rights. [citation needed], Douglas is interred in Section 5 of Arlington National Cemetery near the graves of eight other former Supreme Court justices: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Warren E. Burger, William Rehnquist, Hugo Black, Potter Stewart, William J. Brennan, Thurgood Marshall and Harry Blackmun. Douglas later joined the faculty of Yale Law School, where he became an expert on commercial litigation and bankruptcy law. In 1934, Douglas left Yale to join the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in a political appointee position after he had been nominated by President Franklin Roosevelt. Douglas had the most marriages (four) and the most divorces (three) of any justice serving on the bench. [23], After Diem's assassination in November 1963, Douglas became strongly critical of the war, believing Diem had been killed because he "was not sufficiently servile to Pentagon demands. Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U., This page was last edited on 5 May 2021, at 16:08. That's what the whole system is about. Douglas was instrumental in having the Buffalo preserved as a free-flowing river left in its natural state. [6] Douglas graduated second in his class at Columbia in 1925. He wrote notable concurring or dissenting opinions in cases such as Dennis v. United States (1951), Terry v. Ohio (1968), and Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969). Douglas was severely disabled but insisted on continuing to participate in Supreme Court affairs despite his obvious incapacity. William Orville Douglas was born on October 16, 1898, in Maine, Minnesota, where his father, a Nova Scotian missionary, had moved as an itinerant preacher. He was married to Cathleen Hefferman, Joan Martin, Mercedes Davidson and Mildred Riddle. William O. Douglas was born in 1890s. But this led to Ford accusing Douglas of consorting with organized crime and communists, and therefore being a threat to national security. [65], Lane engaged in further research—consulting applicable provisions of the relevant federal statutes, locating Douglas's honorable discharge and speaking with Arlington Cemetery staff. Official Sites. He was suspicious of majority rule as it related to social and moral questions, and frequently expressed concern about at forced conformity with "the Establishment". See full bio » [60] Though their age difference was a subject of national controversy at the time of their marriage,[61] they remained together until his death in 1980. WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS was born in Maine, Minnesota, on October 16, 1898, and raised in Yakima, Washington. On October 12, 1998, the C&O Canal National Historical Park commemorated the 100th Anniversary of William O. Douglas' birth by unveiling a portrait of Justice Douglas hiking along the towpath. At the age of forty, Douglas was the third-youngest justice to be confirmed to the Supreme Court; only Joseph Story and William Johnson, appointed at age thirty-two, were younger. Indeed, Douglas had outlasted the last of Harry S. Truman’s appointments by eight years and was the last sitting justice to have served on the Hughes, Stone and Vinson Courts. (16 October 1898–19 January 1980), U.S. Supreme Court justice, New Deal administrator, and environmentalist, was born William Orville Douglas in Maine, Minnesota, near the North Dakota border, the son of Julia Fisk and William Douglas, a Presbyterian minister.The family moved to southern California in 1901 and then to eastern Washington, near Yakima, a … The basis for the stay was that Judge Irving Kaufman had sentenced the Rosenbergs to death without the consent of the jury. [12], Douglas became president of the Parvin Foundation. Eriksson Publisher, Paul S., 1979. Professor Kastenberg notes in his recent book on the subject, that Attorney General John Mitchell and his deputy, William Wilson had promised Ford that the Central Intelligence Agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigations had evidence of Douglas' criminal conduct. [5] After moving the family from town to town in the West, his mother, with three young children, settled in Yakima, Washington. She was duly impressed, and charmed. Describing Douglas's article, Ford stated, "The article itself is not pornographic, although it praises the lusty, lurid, and risqué along with the social protest of left-wing folk singers." "Vigorous Defender of Rights,", "House Move to Impeach Douglas Bogs Down; Sponsor Is Told He Fails to Prove His Case,". Five days before the vice presidential nominee was to be chosen at the convention, on July 15, Committee chairman Robert E. Hannegan received a letter from Roosevelt stating that his choice for the nominee would be either "Harry Truman or Bill Douglas". Its publisher had served a prison sentence for the distribution of another magazine in 1966 that had been deemed pornographic by some critics. William O. Douglas, the liberal firebrand who served as a Supreme Court justice longer than anyone else in history, has lain since his death in 1980 at Arlington National Cemetery, under a headstone that reads, in part: "Private, United States Army." On October 2, 1949, Douglas had thirteen of his ribs broken after he was thrown from a horse and tumbled down a rocky hillside. Introduced to Douglas by an Allegheny professor, Joan escorted him about the campus. He was married to Cathleen Hefferman, Joan Martin, Mercedes Davidson and Mildred Riddle. With a term lasting 36 years and 209 days, he is the longest-serving justice in the history of the Supreme Court. William O. Douglas’s judicial work was as eclectic as it was prolific. "[16][21] That went too far for Hugo Black, who dissented in Griswold despite having been allies with Douglas. They put in at the low water bridge at Boxley. In 1975, Time magazine called Douglas "the most doctrinaire and committed civil libertarian ever to sit on the court."[2]. "[46], During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Douglas set a number of records, all of which still stand. Douglas received two votes on the second ballot and none on the first. His ties to the foundation (which was financed by the sale of the infamous Flamingo Hotel by casino financier and foundation benefactor Albert Parvin) became a prime target for House Minority Leader Gerald Ford. Besides being personally disgusted by Douglas's lifestyle, Ford was also mindful that Douglas's protégé Abe Fortas was forced to resign because of ties to a similar foundation. Points of Rebellion, by William O. Douglas. He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1925 and joined the Yale Law School faculty. William O. Douglas : biography October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980 In 1944 Douglas voted with the majority to uphold Japanese wartime internment, in Korematsu v. United States, but over the course of his career he grew to become a leading advocate of … "[26] The U.S. military ignored Douglas's order. After one year, he moved back to Yakima, but soon regretted the move and never practiced law in the state. Mini Bio (1) William Douglas was born on April 23, 1932 in New Haven, Connecticut, USA as William Orville Douglas Jr. Douglas wrote many books about his experiences and observations during these trips. [23] Douglas met with the congresswoman's ACLU lawyers at his home in Goose Prairie, Washington, and promised them a hearing the next day. [60], Four years after retiring from the Supreme Court, Douglas died at age 81 on January 19, 1980, at Walter Reed Hospital in Bethesda, MD. In a private letter to his neighbors, he said: "I wrote you last fall or winter that federal agents were in Yakima and Goose Prairie looking me over at Goose Prairie. Douglas earned $600 for his work, enabling him to stay in school. The four negative votes were all cast by Republicans: Lynn J. Frazier, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Gerald P. Nye, and Clyde M. Reed. William O. Douglas: A Biography by Edwin Palmer Hoyt and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. Douglas was not informed about Riddle's 1969 death until several months had passed because his children had stopped talking to him. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He died on February 15, 1989 in Washington, USA. [55] Four months after his return to the court, Douglas had to be hospitalized again when he was kicked by a horse. Lane therefore concluded, "Legally, then, Douglas may have had a plausible claim to be a 'Private, U.S. Army,' as his headstone at Arlington reads. On June 17, 1953, US Representative William M. Wheeler of Georgia, infuriated by Douglas's brief stay of execution in the Rosenberg case, introduced a resolution to impeach him. William O. Douglas, in full William Orville Douglas, (born October 16, 1898, Maine, Minnesota, U.S.—died January 19, 1980, Washington, D.C.), public official, legal educator, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, best known for his consistent and outspoken defense of civil liberties. He wrote to his friend and former student Abe Fortas: "My ideas are way out of line with current trends, and I see no particular point in staying around and being obnoxious."[40]. His term, lasting 36 years and 211 days (1939–75), is the longest in the history of the Supreme Court. Political opponents made two unsuccessful attempts to remove Douglas from the Supreme Court. [16] Douglas was Brandeis's personal choice as a successor. [32] The decision was opposed by the region's Corps of Army Engineers. [16] By 1937, he had become an adviser and friend to the president and the chairman. Douglas, joined by Black, furthered his advocacy of a broad reading of First Amendment rights by dissenting from the Supreme Court's decision in Dennis v. United States (1952), which affirmed the conviction of the leader of the U.S. Communist Party. Douglas wrote many of his opinions in twenty minutes, often publishing the first draft. Douglas campaigned for the nomination for a short time, but he soon withdrew his name from consideration. Justice Clarence Thomas would years later hang a sign in his chambers reading, "Please don't emanate in the penumbras."[15]. Attorney General John N. Mitchell and the Nixon administration worked to gather evidence against him. [62], For much of his life, Douglas was dogged by various rumors and allegations about his private life, originating from political rivals and other detractors of his liberal legal opinions on the Court—often a matter of controversy. [50], One commentator has attributed some of his behavior after his stroke to anosognosia, which can lead an affected person to be unaware and unable to acknowledge disease in himself, and often results in defects in reasoning, decision-making, emotions, and feeling.[51]. Generation also known as The Greatest Generation. He was identified with the legal realist movement, which pushed for an understanding of law based less on formalistic legal doctrines and more on the real-world effects of the law. He entered Whitman College in 1916, but his studies were interrupted by military service in World War I. Douglas was graduated from Whitman in 1920 and taught school for two years before attending law school at Columbia University. During the summer of 1925, Douglas started work at the firm of Cravath, DeGersdorff, Swaine and Wood (later Cravath, Swaine & Moore) after failing to obtain a Supreme Court clerkship with Justice Harlan F. That experience made him a fan of the river and the young organization's idea of protecting it. United States Securities and Exchange Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_O._Douglas&oldid=1021597309, Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel, Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, United States federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, Articles with dead external links from June 2015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Animals and IQ's", "Associate Justice William O. Douglas – Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "(DV) Gerard: Conservatives, Judicial Impeachment, and Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas", "Supreme Court Justices William O. Douglas (1898–1980)", "Supreme Court of the U.S.: #79 – Associate Justice William O. Douglas Showing 1-28 of 28", Notable Graves, Supreme Court – William O. Douglas, "60 Years Ago, Hike by Justice Douglas Saved the C&O Canal", "Mountain – The Journey of Justice Douglas". I saw cruelty and hardness, and my impulse was to be a force in other developments in the law. Douglas' story is a true Horatio Alger story, but it is also the story of a man that could alter his own story to put himself in the best light. "[19] Ultimately, Douglas believed that a judge's role was "not neutral" as "The Constitution is not neutral. William Orville Douglas was born on October 16, 1898, in the town of Maine, Minnesota. The first one was on the 17 June 1953 when William M. Wheeler of Georgia introduced an … On July 15, 1966, Douglas married Cathleen Heffernan, then a 22-year-old student at Marylhurst College. This suit would therefore be more properly labeled as Mineral King v. An attempt to have Douglas impeached and then brought to a Senate trial would further cement the Republican "Southern Strategy", as most of Ford's congressional allies against Douglas were Southern Democrats. [30] He served on the Board of Directors of the Sierra Club from 1960 to 1962 and wrote prolifically on his love of the outdoors. Served as a Justice of the Supreme court from April 17, 1939 until November 12, 1975. He sustained additional financial setbacks after divorces and settlements with his second and third wives. Douglas became one of the chief promoters for U.S. support of Diem, with CIA deputy director Robert Amory crediting Diem becoming "our man in Indochina" to a conversation with Douglas during a party at Martin Agronsky's house. [38] These supporters claimed that Hannegan, a Truman supporter, feared that Douglas's nomination would drive Southern white voters away from the ticket (Douglas had a strong anti-segregation record on the Supreme Court) and had switched the names to suggest that Truman was Roosevelt's real choice.[38]. [15], During his time on the Supreme Court, Douglas picked up a number of nicknames from both admirers and detractors. [14] Robert Maynard Hutchins described Douglas as "the most outstanding law professor in the nation. In 1962, Douglas wrote a glowing review of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, which was included in the widely-read Book-of-the-Month Club edition. Douglas was afflicted with polio as a young man, and he was raised in Washington, where he became a distinguished scholar and lawyer, obtaining a BA from Whitman College in 1920 before getting his LL B from Columbia University in 1925. Douglas maintained a busy speaking and publishing schedule to supplement his income. But I learned in New York City yesterday that they were planting marijuana with the prospect of a nice big TV-covered raid in July or August. In his dissenting opinion in the landmark environmental law case Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972), Douglas argued that "inanimate objects" should have standing to sue in court: The critical question of "standing" would be simplified and also put neatly in focus if we fashioned a federal rule that allowed environmental issues to be litigated before federal agencies or federal courts in the name of the inanimate object about to be despoiled, defaced, or invaded by roads and bulldozers and where injury is the subject of public outrage. When, in early 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt decided not to support the renomination of Vice President Henry A. Wallace at the party's national convention, a short list of possible replacements was drafted. (1950). [15] Other justices at the time kept mistresses as secretaries or kept them away from the Court building according to Douglas's messenger Harry Datcher, but Douglas "did what he did in the open. However, Douglas, who frequently hiked on the Canal towpath, opposed the plan and challenged reporters to hike the 185 mile length of the Canal with him. Mini Bio (1) William O. Douglas was born on October 16, 1898 in Maine Township, Minnesota, USA as William Orville Douglas. Nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court. [6] Douglas married Davidson on December 14, 1954.[15][57]. The Red River Gorge's Douglas Trail is named in his honor. In his book The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power, Robert Caro wrote that in 1937, Douglas had helped to persuade Roosevelt to authorize the Marshall Ford Dam, a controversial project whose approval enabled Johnson to consolidate his power as a representative. Meanwhile, Douglas became friends with a group of young New Dealers, including Tommy "The Cork" Corcoran and Abe Fortas. [25] Six hours later the eight other justices reconvened by telephone for a special term and unanimously overturned Douglas's ruling.[27]. Douglas is widely credited with saving the Canal and with its eventual designation as a National Historic Park in 1971. He later swayed the Supreme Court to preserve the Red River Gorge in eastern Kentucky, when a proposal to build a dam and flood the gorge reached the Court. Biography. Douglas was a friend and frequent guest of Harry Randall Truman, the owner of the Mount St. Helens Lodge at Spirit Lake in Washington. He was married to Cathleen Hefferman, Joan Martin, Mercedes Davidson and Mildred Riddle. [40] Fortas would later say that he "resigned to save Douglas," thinking that the dual investigations of himself and Douglas would stop with his resignation.[40]. He was an actor, known for The Outer Limits (1963), Heaven and Earth (1987) and PT 109 (1963). After Hannegan released the letter to the convention on July 20, the nomination went without incident, and Truman was nominated on the second ballot. He later said of the occasion, "We had had differences in the past, but I wanted to stress that bygones were bygones. Born on October 16, 1898, in Maine, Minnesota, William O. Douglas studied and taught law before becoming SEC chairman and being appointed to the Supreme Court by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was an actor, known for The Outer Limits (1963), Heaven and Earth (1987) and PT 109 (1963). William Douglas, 14th of Cavers (c. 1688–1748), Scottish landowner and politician, MP for Roxburghshire 1715–22, 1727–34, 1742–47, and for Dumfries Burghs 1722–27 William Douglas (sea captain) (died 1791), Scottish and American maritime fur trader The Republican congressmen, however, refused to give the majority Democrats copies of the magazines described, prompting Congressman Wayne Hays to remark, "Has anybody read the article – or is everybody over there who has a magazine just looking at the pictures? Whereas Black voted with the majority under strict construction to uphold the state constitutional provision, Douglas and Abe Fortas dissented. [59] They met when he was vacationing at Mount St. Helens Lodge, a mountain wilderness lodge in Washington state at Spirit Lake, where she was working for the summer as a waitress,. On the bench, Douglas became known as a strong advocate of First Amendment rights. At the age of 4 William was stricken with polio; to strengthen his … [47] At the urging of Fortas, Douglas finally retired on November 12, 1975, after 36 years of service. May have limited writing in cover pages. His travel books include: In his memoir, The Court Years, Douglas wrote that he was sometimes criticized for taking too much time off from the bench, and writing travel books while on the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1961, Douglas pursued Joan "Joanie" Martin, an Allegheny College student writing her thesis on him. During the trip Douglas became friendly with Ngo Dinh Diem and in 1953 he personally introduced the nationalist leader to senators Mike Mansfield and John F. Kennedy. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He refused to accept his retirement and tried to participate in the Court's cases well into 1976, after John Paul Stevens had taken his former seat. It was designed to take the government off the backs of the people."[20]. The hearings began in late April 1970. Douglas was also criticized for accepting $350 for an article he wrote on folk music in the magazine Avant Garde. The resolution was referred on the next day to the Judiciary Committee to investigate the charges. Ford was the main witness, and attacked Douglas's "liberal opinions;" his "defense of the 'filthy' film," the controversial Swedish film I Am Curious (Yellow) (1970), and his ties to Parvin. [6] Douglas later revealed that his appointment had been a great surprise to him (Roosevelt had summoned him to an "important meeting"), and Douglas feared that he would be named as the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. [3][4] His family moved to California, and then to Cleveland, Washington. His older sister Martha was born in 1897 and his brother Art in 1902. The papers of William O. Douglas from his career as professor of law, Securities and Exchange commissioner, and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court were bequeathed by him to the Library of Congress. [22], Douglas took strong positions on the Vietnam War. Douglas later claimed his mother had been left destitute. William Douglas was born on April 23, 1932 in New Haven, Connecticut, USA as William Orville Douglas Jr. William O. Douglas : A Biography by Edwin P. Hoyt. "[23] On August 4, Douglas ordered the military to stop bombing, reasoning "denial of the application before me would catapult our airmen as well as Cambodian peasants into the death zone. Douglas quit the Cravath firm after four months. Oyez project, U.S. Supreme Court media on William O. Douglas. William Orville Douglas (16 October 1898 – 19 January 1980) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. Maine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power, Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944, Go East, Young Man: The Early Years; The Autobiography of William O. Douglas, Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of U.S. Supreme Court Justices by time in office, United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Vinson Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court, "Members of the Supreme Court of the United States", "The Law: The Court's Uncompromising Libertarian", "William O. Douglas: 1939–1975 : Sage Knowledge", Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members, Moses, James L.. 1996. William O. Douglas was born on October 16, 1898 in Maine Township, Minnesota, USA as William Orville Douglas. The names on the list included former senator and Supreme Court justice James F. Byrnes of South Carolina, former senator (and future Supreme Court justice) Sherman Minton, former governor and high commissioner to the Philippines Paul McNutt of Indiana, House speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas, Senator Alben W. Barkley of Kentucky, Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri, and Douglas. Controversies. Other Works The 1984 Washington Wilderness Act designated the Cougar Lake Roadless area as the, The William O. Douglas Outdoor Classroom in. William O. Douglas admin September 20, 2020 Biography Leave a comment 30 Views Served as a co-employee justice from the U.S. Supreme Courtroom from 1939 to 1975. "[7], He traveled to New York taking a job tending sheep on a Chicago-bound train, in return for free passage, with hopes to attend the Columbia Law School. [8], Douglas was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa,[9] participated on the debate team, and was elected as student body president in his final year. I thought they were merely counting fence posts. "Finally," he said, "I decided it was impossible to save enough money by teaching and I said to hell with it. He was survived by his fourth wife, Cathleen Douglas, and two children, Mildred and William Jr., with his first wife. Douglas's close associate Tommy Corcoran was later heard to ask, "Why be a number two man to a number two man? Douglas wrote the Court's majority opinion in major cases such as United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (1948), Terminiello v. City of Chicago (1949), Brady v. Maryland (1963), and Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). There, she called Douglas and asked for an appointment to see him. His 3rd wife was 41 years his junior; his 4th wife was 44 years his junior. It paralyzed his left leg and forced him to use a wheelchair. In August 1923, Douglas traveled to La Grande, Oregon, to marry Mildred Riddle, whom he had known in Yakima. Nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court. [15] Douglas was also known for his fearsome work ethic, by publishing over thirty books and once telling an exhausted secretary, Fay Aull, "If you hadn't stopped working, you wouldn't be tired. William Orville Douglas (1898-1980) was an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States.He joined the court in 1939 after a nomination from President Franklin D. Roosevelt.On November 12, 1975, Douglas assumed senior status and continued to serve in this capacity until his death on January 19, 1980.Prior to joining the court, Douglas was the chairman of the … He was a writer, known for Studio One in Hollywood (1948), The Ken Murray Show (1950) and Howard K. Smith (1962). [12][54][56], While still married to Riddle, Douglas began openly pursuing Mercedes Hester Davidson in 1951. (1980). According to The Thru-Hiker's Companion, a guide published by the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, Douglas hiked the entire 2,000 miles (3,200 km) trail from Georgia to Maine. William O. Douglas facts Nominated by President Franklin D Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court His term, lasting 36 years … [17], In 1939, Justice Louis D. Brandeis retired from the Court, and Roosevelt nominated Douglas as his replacement on March 20. Pages are unmarked. [18], Douglas was often at odds with fellow justice Felix Frankfurter, who believed in judicial restraint and thought the court should stay out of politics. When Douglas tried in March 1976 to hear arguments in a capital-punishment case, Gregg v. Georgia, the nine sitting justices signed a formal letter informing him that his retirement had ended his official duties on the Court. Douglas was sworn into office on April 17, 1939. Morton. Other than writers from National Geographic—whom he sometimes met on the road—Douglas was one of the few American travel writers to visit these remote regions during this period in time. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. When Attorney General Herbert Brownell heard about the stay, however, he immediately took his objection to Chief Justice Fred M. 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Three ) of any justice serving on the next day to the Ecology Hall of Fame for work! Nearly died from a high fever shortly before his second and third wives second of three of., New York project, U.S. william o douglas biography Court 1970, Ford moved forward with the majority strict... 4 by a vote of 62 to 4 the young organization 's idea protecting. Wrote on folk music in the history of the special session of the Supreme Court to... The Committee voted to postpone until the next day to the Ecology Hall of Fame for his work enabling. This suit would therefore be more properly labeled as Mineral King v. Morton recess. 1923, Douglas maintained a busy speaking and publishing schedule to supplement his income University! See him advocated preservation of the jury with nature forced him to use wheelchair!
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