The Gandhara School had also roman as well as Greek influences and assimilated Archimedean, Parthian and Bactrian. Gandhara School of Art: The next important stage in the growth of art is associated with the name of Gandhara in the north-west. Gandhara art was produced between the 1st century bc and the 7th century ad. Art from Gandhara is notable for its striking stylistic qualities, many of which reflect complex connections to Greco-Roman and Parthian art. C. Both A and B. Ramkinkar Baij was a significant artist of 20th Century and is regarded as the pioneer of modern Indian sculpture. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. It was patronized by Indo-Greeks and after that by Kushans. In the Mathura art, Buddha image have fleshy body and the shoulders are broad. Budhha figures were famous for their fine detailing and bluish-grey and grey colour. It has four lions sitting back to back and is said to represent the wheel of Law. The school of art that developed at Mathura in trendy Uttar Pradesh is called the Mathura art. The Indian elements derived from the ideal yogi type, namely the lotus seat and the meditative gaze could not be properly assimilated, and the schematic folded drapery, heavy ornamentation and very often the moustaches betray a taste lacking in refinement. Copyright © Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. All rights reserved including the right to reproduce the contents in whole or in part in any form or medium without the express written permission of Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture, Indian Sculpture. Images of the Buddha appeared in the likeness of Apollo and Yaksha Kubera in the fashion of Zeus of the Greek. Indian Sculptures echo divinity, mysticism, innovation and magnificence. Side by side, they also carved out Brahmanical and Jaina divinities. The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushan dynasty and was contemporaneous with an important but dissimilar school of Kushan art at Mathura (Uttar … The other materials used were Mud, Lime, Stucco (a type of plaster). Grey sandstone (Blue-grey Mica schist to be precise) is used in Gandhara School of Art. This school inherited the Greco-Buddhist art. Gandhara School of Art flourished in the North-West part of India. The region was a crossroads where the early influences of the western classical world met with Indian imagery and local practices. The Gandharan Buddha image was inspired by Hellenistic realism, influenced by Persian, Scythian, and Parthian models. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. Jalalabad, Hadda, Bamaran, Begram & Taxila were the main centers where art pieces of Gandhara School have been found. Some of the features of Classical Roman art observed in Gandharan sculptures are vine scrolls, cherubs with garlands, tritons and centaurs. it is too much necessary for candidates who are willing for sitting in UPSC Examination. the bamyan buddha of afghanistan were the example of the gandhara school. That is why it is also called Greco-Buddhist art. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. The Gandhara School of Art During the Kushana Empire’s rule, the Gandhara art prospered in India. The territory of Gandhara was the main centre of this art. In this art, Buddha’s curls were altered into wavy hair. Some examples of Gandharan art depict both Buddha and the Greek god, Hercules. Kushan king Kanishka was the chief patron of this Art. The last stages correspond roughly to the destruction of the Alchon Huns, when the art of Gandhara, becomes essentially extinct. The art and architecture of Gandhara continued to develop until the 7th century AD. Even though the iconography of Gandharan sculpture was Indian in nature, it also incorporated motifs and techniques from Classical Roman art. This art has come to be called Gandhara School of Art after the name of the country of its origin. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. Ancient Gandhara included the valley of Peshawar, Swat, Buner and Bajjora, and was ruled by the Achaenamids of Iran, the Greeks, the Mauryas, the Sakas, the Pahlavas and the Kushans in succession; consequently, it developed a … Material is sufficient and well explained. The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to the Greek sculptures. A late evolution is the appearance of a halo and mandorla surrounding the Buddha figure. In all the Buddha depicted in the Gandhara Art is shown making four types of hand gestures and this is a remarkable feature in this art. Mathura School Of Art. (200 Words) NCERT, Class XI, Introduction to Indian Art, Chapter 4 By this time the worship of the image of Buddha had become common. 1. The forehead plane has protruding eyeballs, eyes are half closed and the face and cheeks are not round like the images found in other parts of India. In most of the ancient temples of South India, the sculptures of the Saptamatrikas are found. Side by side, they also carved out Brahmanical and Jaina divinities. The Sanghati (garment) covers only one shoulder. Additionally, the Gandharan sculptors drew from the anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture had developed in 1st century AD together with Mathura School in the sovereignty of Kushana ruler Kanishka. The Gandhara art was also widely popularised later, during the rule of the Kushan kings under Kanishka and his successors. 15. the foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of buddha in which they bear resemblance to the greek sculptures. This art form has played an important part in the development of the Indian art. The Gandhara School of art flourished in his reign. Golden period of this school was during the first to fifth century AD/CE when the Kushan and Gupta Kings were in Power. That is why; it was called the Gandhara School of art. These temples are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The residence of the Gandhara school of art is the territory in and around Peshawar in northwestern India. Above all, Kanishka, the greatest of the Kushanas was a famous backer of art and architecture. Topic:Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. This school was the first to depict Buddha as human. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. Famed for its unique Gandharan style of art that is heavily influenced by classical Greek and Hellenistic styles, Gandhara attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century CE under the Kushan Empire. it is also known as graeco-buddhist school of art. The drapery follows the Hellenistic models. Beside above, what is the importance of Gandhara sculptures? With respect to the face of Buddha, it is round with fleshy cheeks. Jalalabad, Begram, Taxila are the places where art pieces from Gandhara school were found. The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to the Greek sculptures. The style was strongly influenced by the art of ancient Greece and Rome but also drew largely from Indian traditions of composition. Gandhara School of Art got developed in Peshawar (Purushapura) and Taxila as its headquarters. The Gandhara school flourished between the 1st and 5th centuries CE, but the peak of its activities took place under the Kushan rule. the other materials used were mud, lime, stucco. The Gandhara School of art had also developed in first century AD along with Mathura School during reign of Kushana emperor Kanishka. The school of art that developed at Mathura in modern Uttar Pradesh is called Mathura school of art. The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to … The greatest of all Gandhara stupas as the one erected by Kanishka outside the gates of modern Peshawar. Gandhara school of art :-The Gandhara school of art had grown around Peshawar (Presently in Pakistan) in Northwest India, during the rule of Indo-Greek rulers but the real patrons of Gandhara school of art were the Sakas and the Kushanas, Kanishka in particular. In contrast with Mathura School, the Gandhara School images are known for their anatomical accuracy, spatial depth, and foreshortening. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture was developed during the 1st century AD. However, there are certain drawbacks of Gandhara school portrayal of the Buddha. The Gandhara school of Art did not stop only with Buddhist images. The other materials used were Mud, Lime, Stucco. Gandhara arts were in a blue-grey mica schist, though sometimes in a green phyllite and stucco, or in terracotta. ; Many artists from West Asia had settled down in the north-west of India after the Greek invasions and … The Gandhar School of sculpture: origin of the Gandhara art was the most significant feature the growth of the Kushan period. A sculpture is a three dimensional image that is crafted of various materials either by hand or by using tools. Artists in North Western India were influenced by Greco-Roman art. Lion Capital at Sarnath was set up by Emperor Ashoka of Maurayan era. MATHURA AND GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ART “Art by its nature is a visual commentary on or a concrete manifestation of thought which is abstract and invisible. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco-Roman style of art. The Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara essentially ends with the 5th-7th centuries. The depiction of Buddha as a ‘man-god’ in Gandharan sculpture is believed to be inspired from Greek mythology. comprehensive, databased and complete. However, the erotic carvings have been done only outside the temple. This school of art evolved a distinct type of Buddha statue and was also rich in relief sculptures depicting Buddhist myth and legend. The home of the Gandhara school of art is the territory in and around Peshawar in northwestern India. The forms of Greek art were applied to Buddhist subjects with reasonable amount of success. As most of the statues and sculptures made under this school have been discovered in Gandhara. According to A. L. Basham, the school of Gandhara was evidently influenced by the art of the Roman Empire, and some of its craftsmen may have been Westerners. Terracotta was used rarely. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. Please add central acian elements in gandhara art#, © Copyright 2009-2019 GKToday | All Rights Reserved, Comparison of Gandhara and Mathura Buddha, Current Affairs [PDF] - April 16-30, 2021, Awards, Honours, Persons & Places in News, Business, Economy & Banking Current Affairs. The depiction of Buddha in Gandharan art is reminiscent of sculptures depicting a young Apollo. From traditional Brahmanical faith, the artists carved out images of Kubera, and of Yakshas, Yakshinis and Nagas. The style of this age is known as the Gandhara school of art. Khajuraho Erotic sculptures are an integral feature of the Khajuraho Temple. Bimaran Casket has yielded the earliest specimen of the Gandhara Art. 5) Write a note on the salient features of Mathura, Gandhara and Sarnath schools of art and their depiction of Buddha. 4.Gandhara School of Art that was developed in the form of sculpture is the fusion of: A. Greco-Roman style. In the Gandhara school Buddha portrayed had Hellenistic features whereas in the Mathura school the Buddha was modelled on earlier Yaksha images. The art of the Gandhara school was primarily Mahayana and shows Greco-Roman influence. Facebook Page : https://www.facebook.com/uppscenglish/Blogspot :https://vivaexams.blogspot.in/Do share like and subscribe the videos !! Grey sandstone is primarily used in Gandhara School of Art. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. The reign of a single king cannot be attributed as the cause for the evolution of the art. Due to the application of Greek Techniques of art to the Buddhist subjects (beautiful images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas) the Gandhara School of Art is also known as the Graeco-Buddhist School of Art. After independence, it became a part of Pakistan. Both Shakas and Kushanas were patrons of Gandhara School, which is known for the first sculptural representations of the Buddha in human form. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco- … The Saptamatrika is a South Indian sculpture that is said to contain energies of the deities of the Hindu pantheon. By this time, another artistic style called the Mathura School of Art had widely gained popularity, thus equalling itself with the intricacy possessed by the Gandhara Art. Stucco plaster, which was commonly observed in Greek art, was widely used in Gandharan artwork for the decoration of monastic and cult buildings. … Gandhara art, style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century bce and the 7th century ce. The Gandhara School is represented in sculptures, stucco, and clay as well as in mural paintings. The Roman and Greek Influences in Gandhara Buddha are enumerated as follows: However, Gandharan sculpture owes as much to Roman art as it does to Grecian art. The Buddha image of Gandhara school has been claimed to be an original contribution but its aesthetic quality is indifferent and it lacks the vigour and independence of expression that characterise the free standing Bodhisattvas of Mathura. Buddha is accompanied by attendant figures like Padmapani and Valrapani Boddhisattvas. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. The Mathura school of art flourished in the early centuries of the Christian period. After the Greek invasions and during the period of the Kushanas, many artists from West Asia had settled down in the north-west of India. The Gandhara art is basically the result of Hellenistic influences on Buddhism. From traditional Brahmanical faith, the artists carved out images of Kubera, and of Yakshas, Yakshinis and Nagas. The gestures are as follows: Gandharan sculptures show strong Greek influences in the depiction of a ‘man-god’ and of wavy hair, sandals and extensive drapery. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture occupies a high place in the history of Indian Art. Call or whatsapp- 8727053008. It flourished simultaneously to the Gandhara school of art; hence we generally tend to say about both the art schools together. It was situated and the North West frontier of India. However, Marble was NOT used in Gandhara art. Saptamatrika Sculptures of South India dates back to 3rd century B.C. An example of Buddha in Gandhara style is the Buddha head at Taxila which is in the Gandhara region. The Buddha image is accompanied by Halo around his head which is very large. The Bamyan Buddha of Afghanistan were the example of the Gandhara School. Crack IAS with new 1 year Batches starting on 27 July, with my NCERT courses / Basics to Advanced . Objects of art are like documentaries of a thought – world that has departed. The draping of the robes on Buddha was also very similar to the drapery on Roman imperial statues. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. Subscribe to Free E-Magazine on Art & Culture. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco-Roman style of art. The Gandhara school of Art did not stop only with Buddhist images. 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